I'm creating a sample website for a bakery and I have three clickable photos that will lead to other pages on the site. They are all currently sitting on top of each other and I would like for them to be next to each other. I'm pretty new to coding and this is also my first post on stack overflow so let me know if I need to clarify anything or post more code. Thanks so much for any help.
I've tried img {flex-direction: row}, and tried wrapping all of my images inside of a div and changing the flex-direction like that.
img {
width: 170px;
height: 170px;
border-radius: 150px;
border: solid white 3px;
transition: transform .2s;
margin: 0 auto;
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
}
img:hover {
transform: scale(1.5);
}
<img src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1514432324607-a09d9b4aefdd?
ixlib=rb-1.2.1&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjEyMDd9&auto=format&fit=crop&w=400&q=60" alt="cup of coffee">
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 featured-gallery">
<div class="col-sm-12 thumbnail text-center">
<img alt="regional park A" class="img-responsive" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1530019163123-f33edadb3833?
ixlib=rb-
1.2.1&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjEyMDd9&auto=format&fit=crop&w=334&q=80">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 featured-gallery">
<div class="col-sm-12 thumbnail text-center">
<img alt="regional park B" class="img-responsive" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1509365465985-25d11c17e812?
ixlib=rb-
1.2.1&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjEyMDd9&auto=format&fit=crop&w=375&q=80">
</div>
</div>
My expected results are my photos laying next to each other in a row but my actual results are my photos laying next to each other in a column.
You were targeting flexbox layout on the image element itself which did not have any child element to process the direction. By default the columns had block level behavior which takes up the whole row. Wrap the images inside a parent container and then adjust the markup like this:
.container {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
}
img {
width: 170px;
height: 170px;
border-radius: 150px;
border: solid white 3px;
transition: transform .2s;
margin: 0 auto;
}
img:hover {
transform: scale(1.5);
}
<div class="container">
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 featured-gallery">
<div class="col-sm-12 thumbnail text-center">
<img src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1514432324607-a09d9b4aefdd?
ixlib=rb-1.2.1&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjEyMDd9&auto=format&fit=crop&w=400&q=60" alt="cup of coffee">
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 featured-gallery">
<div class="col-sm-12 thumbnail text-center">
<img alt="regional park A" class="img-responsive" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1530019163123-f33edadb3833?
ixlib=rb-
1.2.1&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjEyMDd9&auto=format&fit=crop&w=334&q=80">
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 featured-gallery">
<div class="col-sm-12 thumbnail text-center">
<img alt="regional park B" class="img-responsive" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1509365465985-25d11c17e812?
ixlib=rb-
1.2.1&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjEyMDd9&auto=format&fit=crop&w=375&q=80">
</div>
</div>
</div>
Youre close! What you need is a parent element that wraps around all the images and is a flexbox. Then, you give each img a flex property so the flexbox parent knows how to scale and size them.
You can check out a good article about how to set up a flexbox here: https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/a-guide-to-flexbox/
Flexbox may also be overkill for this too, you can set them to have display:inline and they will be side by side. You can read more about inline vs block elements here: https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_blocks.asp
It looks like you are using Bootstrap's grid system. Your current design snippet works but is not technically correct and you could experience some issues as you move forward.
To ensure the layout works correction it should be
.container
.row
.col
This would become important as you add more rows of content on the page.
You can review the general layout on Bootstraps documentation pages.
https://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.3/layout/grid/
Place a "row" div around your image divs
You could try this rule :
img
{
display:flex;
flex-wrap:wrap;
}
How do I center a div of one column size within the container (12 columns) in Twitter Bootstrap 3?
.centered {
background-color: red;
}
<!-- Latest compiled and minified CSS -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
<body class="container">
<div class="col-lg-1 col-offset-6 centered">
<img data-src="holder.js/100x100" alt="" />
</div>
</body>
I want a div, with a class .centered to be centered within the container. I may use a row if there are multiple divs, but for now I just want a div with the size of one column centered within the container (12 columns).
I am also not sure the above approach is good enough as the intention is not to offset the div by half. I do not need free spaces outside the div and the contents of the div shrink in proportion. I want to empty space outside the div to be evenly distributed (shrink till the container width is equal to one column).
There are two approaches to centering a column <div> in Bootstrap 3:
Approach 1 (offsets):
The first approach uses Bootstrap's own offset classes so it requires no change in markup and no extra CSS. The key is to set an offset equal to half of the remaining size of the row. So for example, a column of size 2 would be centered by adding an offset of 5, that's (12-2)/2.
In markup this would look like:
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-2 col-md-offset-5"></div>
</div>
Now, there's an obvious drawback for this method. It only works for even column sizes, so only .col-X-2, .col-X-4, col-X-6, col-X-8, and col-X-10 are supported.
Approach 2 (the old margin:auto)
You can center any column size by using the proven margin: 0 auto; technique. You just need to take care of the floating that is added by Bootstrap's grid system. I recommend defining a custom CSS class like the following:
.col-centered{
float: none;
margin: 0 auto;
}
Now you can add it to any column size at any screen size, and it will work seamlessly with Bootstrap's responsive layout:
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-1 col-centered"></div>
</div>
Note: With both techniques you could skip the .row element and have the column centered inside a .container, but you would notice a minimal difference in the actual column size because of the padding in the container class.
Update:
Since v3.0.1 Bootstrap has a built-in class named center-block that uses margin: 0 auto, but is missing float:none, you can add that to your CSS to make it work with the grid system.
The preferred method of centering columns is to use "offsets" (ie: col-md-offset-3)
Bootstrap 3.x centering examples
For centering elements, there is a center-block helper class.
You can also use text-center to center text (and inline elements).
Responsive Demo: http://bootply.com/91632
EDIT - As mentioned in the comments, center-block works on column contents and display:block elements, but won't work on the column itself (col-* divs) because Bootstrap uses float.
Update 2020
Now with Bootstrap 4, the centering methods have changed..
text-center is still used for display:inline elements
mx-auto replaces center-block to center display:block elements
offset-* or mx-auto can be used to center grid columns
mx-auto (auto x-axis margins) will center display:block or display:flex elements that have a defined width, (%, vw, px, etc..). Flexbox is used by default on grid columns, so there are also various flexbox centering methods.
Demo Bootstrap 4 Horizontal Centering
For vertical centering in BS4 see https://stackoverflow.com/a/41464397/171456
Now Bootstrap 3.1.1 is working with .center-block, and this helper class works with the column system.
Bootstrap 3 Helper Class Center.
Please check this jsfiddle DEMO:
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="center-block">row center-block</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 brd">
<div class="center-block">1 center-block</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 brd">
<div class="center-block">2 center-block</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-2 col-center-block">row col-xs-2 col-center-block</div>
</div>
Row column center using col-center-block helper class.
.col-center-block {
float: none;
display: block;
margin: 0 auto;
/* margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; */
}
Simply add the following to your custom CSS file. Editing Bootstrap CSS files directly is not recommended and cancels your ability to use a CDN.
.center-block {
float: none !important
}
Why?
Bootstrap CSS (version 3.7 and lower) uses margin: 0 auto;, but it gets overridden by the float property of the size container.
PS:
After you add this class, don't forget to set classes by the right order.
<div class="col-md-6 center-block">Example</div>
Bootstrap 3 now has a built-in class for this .center-block
.center-block {
display: block;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
}
If you are still using 2.X then just add this to your CSS.
My approach to center columns is to use display: inline-block for columns and text-align: center for the container parent.
You just have to add the CSS class 'centered' to the row.
HTML:
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row centered">
<div class="col-sm-4 col-md-4">
Col 1
</div>
<div class="col-sm-4 col-md-4">
Col 2
</div>
<div class="col-sm-4 col-md-4">
Col 3
</div>
</div>
</div>
CSS:
.centered {
text-align: center;
font-size: 0;
}
.centered > div {
float: none;
display: inline-block;
text-align: left;
font-size: 13px;
}
JSFiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/steyffi/ug4fzcjd/
Bootstrap version 3 has a .text-center class.
Just add this class:
text-center
It will simply load this style:
.text-center {
text-align: center;
}
Example:
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row text-center">
<div class="col-md-12">
Bootstrap 4 is coming....
</div>
</div>
</div>
With Bootstrap v3 and v4, this can be accomplished just by adding .justify-content-center to the .row <div>
<div class="row justify-content-center">
<div class="col-1">centered 1 column</div>
</div>
https://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/utilities/flex/#justify-content
This works. A hackish way probably, but it works nicely. It was tested for responsive (Y).
.centered {
background-color: teal;
text-align: center;
}
With bootstrap 4 you can simply try justify-content-md-center as it is mentioned here
<div class="container">
<div class="row justify-content-md-center">
<div class="col col-lg-2">
1 of 3
</div>
<div class="col-md-auto">
Variable width content
</div>
<div class="col col-lg-2">
3 of 3
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col">
1 of 3
</div>
<div class="col-md-auto">
Variable width content
</div>
<div class="col col-lg-2">
3 of 3
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-4 col-lg-offset-4">
<img src="some.jpg">
</div>
</div>
</div>
To center the col- we need to use the below code. cols are floater elements besides margin auto. We will also set it to float none,
<body class="container">
<div class="col-lg-1 col-md-4 centered">
<img data-src="holder.js/100x100" alt="" />
</div>
</body>
To center the above col-lg-1 with class of centered, we will write:
.centered {
float: none;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
}
To center the content inside the div, use text-align:center,
.centered {
text-align: center;
}
If you want to center it only on the desktop and larger screen, not on mobile, then use the following media query.
#media (min-width: 768px) {
.centered {
float: none;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
}
}
And to center the div only on mobile version, use the below code.
#media (max-width: 768px) {
.centered {
float: none;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
}
}
Just set your one column that displays content to col-xs-12 (mobile-first ;-) and configure the container only to control how wide you want your centred content to be, so:
.container {
background-color: blue;
}
.centered {
background-color: red;
}
<body class="container col-xs-offset-3 col-xs-6">
<div class="col-xs-12 centered">
<img data-src="holder.js/100x100" alt="" />
</div>
</body>
<body class="container col-xs-offset-1 col-xs-10">
<div class="col-xs-12 centered">
<img data-src="holder.js/100x100" alt="" />
</div>
</body>
For a demo, see http://codepen.io/Kebten/pen/gpRNMe :-)
You can use text-center for the row and can make sure the internal divs have display:inline-block (with not float).
As:
<div class="container">
<div class="row text-center" style="background-color : black;">
<div class="redBlock">A red block</div>
<div class="whiteBlock">A white block</div>
<div class="yellowBlock">A yellow block</div>
</div>
</div>
And CSS:
.redBlock {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: aqua;
display: inline-block
}
.whiteBlock {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: white;
display: inline-block
}
.yellowBlock {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: yellow;
display: inline-block
}
The fiddle:
http://jsfiddle.net/DTcHh/3177/
Another approach of offsetting is to have two empty columns, for example:
<div class="col-md-4"></div>
<div class="col-md-4">Centered Content</div>
<div class="col-md-4"></div>
This is probably not the best answer, but there is one more creative solution to this. As pointed out by koala_dev the column offsetting works only for even column sizes. However, by nesting rows you can achieve centering uneven columns as well.
To stick with the original question where you want to center a column of 1 inside a grid of 12.
Center a column of 2 by offsetting it 5
Make a nested row, so you get a new 12 columns inside your 2 columns.
Since you want to center a column of 1, and 1 is "half" of 2 (what we centered in step 1), you now need to center a column of 6 in your nested row, which is easily done by offsetting it 3.
For example:
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-offset-5 col-md-2">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-offset-3 col-md-6">
centered column with that has an "original width" of 1 col
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
See this fiddle, please note that you have to increase the size of the output window in order too see the result, otherwise the columns will wrap.
This is not my code, but it works perfectly (tested on Bootstrap 3) and I don't have to mess around with col-offset.
Demo:
/* centered columns styles */
.col-centered {
display: inline-block;
float: none;
/* inline-block space fix */
margin-right: -4px;
background-color: #ccc;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
}
<div class="container">
<div class="row text-center">
<div class="col-xs-6 col-centered">Column 6</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-centered">Column 6</div>
<div class="col-xs-3 col-centered">Column 3</div>
<div class="col-xs-3 col-centered">Column 3</div>
<div class="col-xs-3 col-centered">Column 3</div>
</div>
</div>
Append the following snippet inside your .row or your .col. This is for Bootstrap 4*.
d-flex justify-content-center
We can achieve this by using the table layout mechanism:
The mechanism is:
Wrap all columns in one div.
Make that div as a table with a fixed layout.
Make each column as a table cell.
Use vertical-align property to control content position.
The sample demo is here
As koala_dev used in his approach 1, I would prefer the offset method instead of center-block or margins which has limited usage, but as he mentioned:
Now, there's an obvious drawback for this method, it only works for even column sizes, so only .col-X-2, .col-X-4, col-X-6, col-X-8 and col-X-10 are supported.
This can be solved using the following approach for odd columns.
<div class="col-xs-offset-5 col-xs-2">
<div class="col-xs-offset-3">
// Your content here
</div>
</div>
Use mx-auto in your div class using Bootstrap 4.
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="mx-auto">
You content here
</div>
</div>
</div>
Bootstrap 4 solution:
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col align-self-center">
Column in the middle, variable width
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container">
<div class="row row-centered">
<div class="col-xs-6 col-centered">Column 6</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-centered">Column 6</div>
<div class="col-xs-3 col-centered">Column 3</div>
<div class="col-xs-3 col-centered">Column 3</div>
<div class="col-xs-3 col-centered">Column 3</div>
</div>
</div>
CSS
/* centered columns styles */
.row-centered {
text-align:center;
}
.col-centered {
display:inline-block;
float:none;
/* reset the text-align */
text-align:left;
/* inline-block space fix */
margin-right:-4px;
text-align: center;
background-color: #ccc;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
}
Because I never have the need to center only a single .col- within a .row, I set the following class on the wrapping .row of my target columns.
.col-center > [class*="col-"] {
float: none;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
}
Example
<div class="full-container">
<div class="row col-center">
<div class="col-xs-11">
Foo
</div>
<div class="col-xs-11">
Bar
</div>
</div>
</div>
For those looking to center the column elements on the screen when you don't have the exact number to fill your grid, I have written a little piece of JavaScript to return the class names:
function colCalculator(totalNumberOfElements, elementsPerRow, screenSize) {
var arrayFill = function (size, content) {
return Array.apply(null, Array(size)).map(String.prototype.valueOf, content);
};
var elementSize = parseInt(12 / elementsPerRow, 10);
var normalClassName = 'col-' + screenSize + '-' + elementSize;
var numberOfFittingElements = parseInt(totalNumberOfElements / elementsPerRow, 10) * elementsPerRow;
var numberOfRemainingElements = totalNumberOfElements - numberOfFittingElements;
var ret = arrayFill(numberOfFittingElements, normalClassName);
var remainingSize = 12 - numberOfRemainingElements * elementSize;
var remainingLeftSize = parseInt(remainingSize / 2, 10);
return ret.concat(arrayFill(numberOfRemainingElements, normalClassName + ' col-' + screenSize + '-push-' + remainingLeftSize));
}
If you have 5 elements and you want to have 3 per row on a md screen, you do this:
colCalculator(5, 3, 'md')
>> ["col-md-4", "col-md-4", "col-md-4", "col-md-4 col-md-push-2", "col-md-4 col-md-push-2"]
Keep in mind, the second argument must be dividable by 12.
To center more than one column in a Bootstrap row - and the number of cols are odd, simply add this css class to all the columns in that row:
.many-cols-centered { // To horizontally center bootstrap odd cols, eg col-lg-9, col-md-3, works well in lg
display:inline-block;
float:none;
}
So in your HTML you have something like:
<div class="row text-center"> <!-- text-center centers all text in that row -->
<div class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-xs-12 many-cols-centered">
<img src='assets/image1.jpg'>
<h3>You See</h3>
<p>I love coding.</p>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-xs-12 many-cols-centered">
<img src='assets/image2.jpg'>
<h3>You See</h3>
<p>I love coding.</p>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-xs-12 many-cols-centered">
<img src='assets/image3.jpg'>
<h3>You See</h3>
<p>I love coding.</p>
</div>
</div>
Try this
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-5"></div>
</div>
You can use other col as well like col-md-2, etc.
I suggest simply to use the class text-center:
<body class="container">
<div class="col-md-12 text-center">
<img data-src="holder.js/100x100" alt="" />
</div>
</body>
You can use the very flexible solution flexbox to your Bootstrap.
justify-content: center;
can center your column.
Check out flex.
Try this code.
<body class="container">
<div class="col-lg-1 col-lg-offset-10">
<img data-src="holder.js/100x100" alt="" />
</div>
</body>
Here I have used col-lg-1, and the offset should be 10 for properly centered the div on large devices. If you need it to center on medium-to-large devices then just change the lg to md and so on.
I'd like to use Twitter Bootstrap for one project which has a bit of a crazy layout.
The logo's background should start from the edge of the window, but the text in the logo should start where the .container begins.
Crazy, huh!
I'm not sure how to explain this so I drew it!
What I've done so far is this:
<div class="container">
<header>
<div id="logo" class="pull-left col-sm-3 bg-theme">
<div class="typography">
Dope
<br/>
Text
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-9">
<nav class="pull-right"> nav should be here </nav>
</div>
</header>
<!-- header -->
</div>
#logo {
position: relative;
height: 100px;
background: #ffd800;
}
.typography {
position: absolute;
right: 0px;
top: 20px;
line-height: 50px;
font-size: 50px;
font-weight: bold;
}
I created a demo#jsFiddle.
How should I structure my HTML, or what can I do with the CSS to achieve this effect.
CSS only solutions if possible.
Edit: Those kind of title element might appear on the page again, so solutions which are based on the fact that the element will be at the top of the page are not what I'm after.
First of all you have to take into account Grid System Rules:
Some Bootstrap grid system rules:
Rows must be placed within a .container (fixed-width) or .container-fluid (full-width) for proper alignment and padding
Use rows to create horizontal groups of columns
Content should be placed within columns, and only columns may be immediate children of rows
Predefined classes like .row and .col-sm-4 are available for quickly making grid layouts
Columns create gutters (gaps between column content) via padding. That padding is offset in rows for the first and last column via
negative margin on .rows
Grid columns are created by specifying the number of 12 available columns you wish to span. For example, three equal columns would use
three .col-sm-4
So following the above rules you can achieve what you want like this:
Here a working JSFiddle fork from yours
#logo {
position: relative;
height: 100px;
background: #ffd800;
}
.container {
height: 500px;
}
.typography {
line-height: 35px;
font-size: 35px;
font-weight: bold;
padding-left: 0 !important; /*only because bootstrap are overwriting my styles*/
}
<link href="http://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.4/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
<div class="wrapper container-fluid">
<header>
<div class="row">
<div id="logo" class="pull-left col-xs-5 bg-theme">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-offset-5 col-xs-7 typography">Dope
<br/>Text</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-7">
<nav class="pull-right">nav should be here</nav>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="row">
<div class="container col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8">
<p>Here you can put the content</p>
<p>and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more content</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
You can change the # in col-xs-X as you wish to obtain your desire layout but always trying to follow the above rules.
I recommend making the following changes.
Start by making a .container-fluid
Then move your .container into your .container-fluid
lastly, move your header above your .container, but inside your .container-fluid
Once complete it should look something like.
<div class="container-fluid">
<header class="col-md-12>
<div id="logo" class="pull-left col-sm-3 bg-theme">
<div class="typography">
Dope
<br/>
Text
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-9">
<nav class="pull-right"> nav should be here </nav>
</div>
</header>
<!-- Header -->
<div class="container">
<!-- Other content -->
</div>
</div>
would something like this work? http://jsfiddle.net/swm53ran/312/
if you want to see how the structure could happen over and over again, you could just add the sectioned off divs like in this fiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/swm53ran/313/
<div class="body">
<div class="header col-xs-12">
<div class="row">
<div class="title col-xs-offset-1 col-xs-5">
This is the title
</div>
<div class="nav col-xs-5">
This is your nav
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1">
This is where your content goes.
</div>
</div>
Use the grid system to isolate header and body:
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
<div class="col-md-8">.col-md-8</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-2">.col-md-2</div>
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-8</div>
<div class="col-md-2">.col-md-2</div>
</div>
</div>
Use .container-fluid for the content you want to be full width instead of the fixed-width that comes with .container.
Per Bootstrap:
Rows must be placed within a .container (fixed-width) or .container-fluid (full-width) for proper alignment and padding.
If you want container-fluid to go the absolute edge of the window, you can set padding: 0; like:
.container-fluid {
padding: 0;
}
Here's a fiddle demo for you to review. http://jsfiddle.net/xsqezfro/ (I put a border around .container so you can see the div.
#logo {
display:inline-flex;
margin-left:-200px;
background: #ffd800;
}
#logo .typography {
margin-left:200px;
}