I am getting this error on the SQL schema. The error message i am getting is
"
You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that
corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use
near 'CREATE TRIGGER updtrigger_r4_balance AFTER UPDATE ON
resellers4 FOR EACH R' at line 2"
What syntax is going wrong? I am attaching 2 SQL schema. Both having same problem.
delimiter // DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS updtrigger_r4_balance;
CREATE TRIGGER updtrigger_r4_balance AFTER
UPDATE
ON resellers4 FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
IF NEW.callsLimit <= 0
THEN
UPDATE
resellers4_child r4c
INNER JOIN
resellers3 r3
ON (r4c.reseller3_id = r3.id)
SET
r4c.reseller3_callsLimit = r4c.reseller3_callsLimit + r3.callsLimit, r3.callsLimit = 0
WHERE
r4c.reseller4_id = new.id;
END
IF;
END
// delimiter ;
Another one is:
delimiter //
DROP TRIGGER
IF EXISTS updtrigger_r4_balance_add;
CREATE TRIGGER updtrigger_r4_balance_add BEFORE UPDATE ON resellers4 FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
IF OLD.callsLimit <= 0 THEN
UPDATE resellers3 r3
INNER JOIN resellers4_child r4c ON (r4c.reseller3_id=r3.id)
SET
r3.callsLimit = r3.callsLimit+r4c.reseller3_callsLimit,
r4c.reseller3_callsLimit = 0
WHERE r4c.reseller4_id=new.id;
END IF;
END
//
delimiter ;
After you change the delimiter you have to use it instead of ;
delimiter //
DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS updtrigger_r4_balance_add; <--- use // instead
MySQL uses ; to separate the queries. Multiple queries can be sent to the server in a single request; the server use the current delimiter (default ;) to split the received text into queries.
There are complex SQL constructs (triggers, stored procedures etc) that may include one or more queries or a BEGIN..END compound statement in their definition.
Because such constructs usually contains two or more queries, separated by the usual delimiter (;), MySQL needs a way to know where the enclosing compound construct ends.
The DELIMITER statement is used to replace the default delimiter (;) with a different one when a compound statement is defined. This allows the standard delimiter (;) to be used inside the body of the compound statement.
It works this way:
The DELIMITER statement is used to change the current delimiter; various values are used as delimiter instead. // is suggested in the documentation but other values can be used too. The only rule is to use a character (or a sequence of characters) that does not appear in the compound statement that is to be defined after it.
From now on, all the subsequent queries must end with the new delimiter (and not with ;).
Declare the complex construct (be it a trigger, stored procedure at event). If it contains more than one statements they have to be separated by ;.
End the complex construct with the delimiter declared on step 1.
Use DELIMITER ; to reset the delimiter. If another statement follows then you have to terminate the DELIMITER statement with the delimiter you set on step 1 (because it is the current delimiter; the new one becomes effective after this statement is parsed and executed).
The solution of your problem is simple: either you use the delimiter you set (//) to separate the DROP TRIGGER and the CREATE TRIGGER statements:
delimiter //
DROP TRIGGER
IF EXISTS updtrigger_r4_balance_add //
CREATE TRIGGER updtrigger_r4_balance_add BEFORE UPDATE ON resellers4 FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
...
END
//
delimiter ;
Or you move the DROP TRIGGER statement before the DELIMITER statement and leave it as it is (terminated with ;):
DROP TRIGGER
IF EXISTS updtrigger_r4_balance_add;
delimiter //
CREATE TRIGGER updtrigger_r4_balance_add BEFORE UPDATE ON resellers4 FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
...
END
//
delimiter ;
Also after delimiter changes try to replace word new in statement
r4c.reseller4_id = new.id;
with uppercase one. Because OLD and NEW are MySQL extensions to triggers, so they aren't case sensitive.
Related
I'm not receiving an error currently when running the query to create a trigger but after running it I can't execute another query. It is as if I haven't closed some encapsulation:
DELIMITER // CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name BEFORE DELETE ON existingtable for each row begin INSERT INTO new_delete_table (column) values(old.column) end; END DELIMITER;
I am using command line and start with:
mysql>
I execute and receive a new:
mysql>
which is the normal behavior when a query is successful. If I then try to see my triggers I end up in an infinite loop where it is waiting for me to enter some character to close something.
mysql> show triggers;
->
I can use ctrl + c to exit the function but that boots me out of MySQL as well. When I log back in my trigger is not present and I can't find any errors.
The DELIMITER command is special. All characters following the command until the end of line are interpreted as a string that you want to use as the new delimiter.
You must not put code on the same line, because all of that code will become part of the new delimiter. This is why you got no error, but no CREATE TRIGGER statement was executed. It only became part of a very long delimiter string.
The reason that DELIMITER must interpret the end-of-line as the end of the command is that it doesn't accept ; as the end of the DELIMITER command. If it did, there would be no way to reset the delimiter back to ;.
You asked in a comment if you need newlines. Aside from the newlines after DELIMITER commands, you do not need newlines. You can do this:
DELIMITER //
CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name BEFORE DELETE ON existingtable FOR EACH ROW BEGIN INSERT INTO new_delete_table (column) VALUES(old.column) END //
DELIMITER ;
(Remember to use // as the delimiter at the end of the CREATE TRIGGER statement.)
Youhave some errors in your code
every code line must end in a semicolon and you have an END to much
DELIMITER //
CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name BEFORE DELETE ON existingtable
for each row
begin
INSERT INTO new_delete_table (`column`) values
(old.column) ;
end//
DELIMITER;
I want to trigger the table after update only if any change is made in the table.
I tried this
but it is giving error.
My code is
CREATE TRIGGER Trans_SubCategory_update AFTER UPDATE ON Trans_SubCategory
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
IF NEW.ts <> OLD.ts THEN
INSERT INTO Sync_activities (table_name,table_id,admin_id,action)
VALUES('Trans_SubCategory',New.id,New.admin_id,'update');
END IF;
END;
It is giving error
You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '' at line 6 .
But if I use
CREATE TRIGGER Trans_SubCategory_update AFTER UPDATE ON Trans_SubCategory
FOR EACH ROW
INSERT INTO Sync_activities (table_name,table_id,admin_id,action)
VALUES('Trans_SubCategory',New.id,New.admin_id,'update');
I add the trigger but triggers even if no change is made in table.
The thing is - you're forgetting to set proper delimiter. Your first syntax contains multiple operators inside trigger - and they need to be delimited by ; - but you're not changing global delimiter - thus, MySQL treats that as syntax end - and, therefore, that's an error (because trigger isn't completed, obviously).
Your second syntax is executed completely since it has only one operator (and that stands for trigger end as well) - you've not enclosed it by BEGIN..END
To fix the issue, just do:
DELIMITER //
CREATE TRIGGER Trans_SubCategory_update AFTER UPDATE ON Trans_SubCategory
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
IF NEW.ts != OLD.ts THEN
INSERT INTO Sync_activities (table_name,table_id,admin_id,action) VALUES ('Trans_SubCategory', NEW.id, NEW.admin_id,'update');
END IF;
END;//
DELIMITER ;
I have searched for all the possible online solutions but I can't figure out the error in this trigger.
CREATE TRIGGER `delete_neat_link`
AFTER DELETE ON `neat_urls`
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
DELETE FROM `css_paths`
WHERE `css_paths`.`path_id` = OLD.`neat_link`;
END;
the first error appears at OLD.neat_link
syntax error, unexpected END_OF_INPUT, expecting ';'
and the second one at END;
syntax error, unexpected END
Any help would be appreciable, thanks.
That problem is due to interpreting individual statements. The CREATE TRIGGER statement is as such a single complete statement that must be sent as is to the server. Usually statement borders are recognized by the default delimiter (the semicolon). In case of stored programs however the semicolon is needed to separate inner statements. This would confuse the client as it cannot tell apart what is an inner statement of the stored program or a full statement as it must be sent as a whole to the server.
Hence the DELIMITER statement was introduced which only applies to clients (not the server, the server itself cannot parse this statement). It changes the default delimiter to one of your choice, leading so the client where to look for the statement's end. A typical case hence looks like this:
DELIMITER ;;
CREATE TRIGGER `ins_film` AFTER INSERT ON `film` FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
INSERT INTO film_text (film_id, title, description)
VALUES (new.film_id, new.title, new.description);
END;;
Their is only one statement in the body of the Trigger, so there is no need to use the BEGIN-END compound statement construct. Try this:
CREATE TRIGGER `delete_neat_link`
AFTER DELETE ON `neat_urls`
FOR EACH ROW
DELETE FROM `css_paths`
WHERE `css_paths`.`path_id` = OLD.`neat_link`
another possible solution
DELIMITER $$
CREATE TRIGGER `delete_neat_link`
AFTER DELETE ON `neat_urls`
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
DELETE FROM `css_paths`
WHERE `css_paths`.`path_id` = OLD.`neat_link`;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
I need help converting this MS SQL update trigger to MySQL. My problem is with converting the MS SQL UPDATE() function, which identifies the specific columns that were updated:
ALTER TRIGGER [dbo].[tran_upd_action] ON [dbo].[tran_action]
FOR UPDATE AS
BEGIN
IF ##ROWCOUNT>0
BEGIN
IF update(column1) OR update(column2)
BEGIN
INSERT into tran_indexerqueue
(trankey, trkey2, tranname) SELECT tran_actionid, 0, 'tranaction' from inserted
END
END
END
This does not have the rowcount check, but the basic trigger syntax will be like this. Note that only the Super User role can create a trigger. Also, you have to change the delimiter first, which is usually a big gotcha for MSSQL DBAs.
DELIMITER $$
CREATE TRIGGER `tran_upd_action` AFTER UPDATE ON `tran_action` FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
INSERT INTO tran_indexerqueue
(trankey, trkey2, tranname)
VALUES(OLD.trankey, OLD.trkey2, OLD.tranname);
END $$
DELIMITER ;
I often see people are using Delimiters. I tried myself to find out what are delimiters and what is their purpose. After 20 minutes of googling, I was not able to find an answer which satisfies me. So, my question is now: What are delimiters and when should I use them?
Delimiters other than the default ; are typically used when defining functions, stored procedures, and triggers wherein you must define multiple statements. You define a different delimiter like $$ which is used to define the end of the entire procedure, but inside it, individual statements are each terminated by ;. That way, when the code is run in the mysql client, the client can tell where the entire procedure ends and execute it as a unit rather than executing the individual statements inside.
Note that the DELIMITER keyword is a function of the command line mysql client (and some other clients) only and not a regular MySQL language feature. It won't work if you tried to pass it through a programming language API to MySQL. Some other clients like PHPMyAdmin have other methods to specify a non-default delimiter.
Example:
DELIMITER $$
/* This is a complete statement, not part of the procedure, so use the custom delimiter $$ */
DROP PROCEDURE my_procedure$$
/* Now start the procedure code */
CREATE PROCEDURE my_procedure ()
BEGIN
/* Inside the procedure, individual statements terminate with ; */
CREATE TABLE tablea (
col1 INT,
col2 INT
);
INSERT INTO tablea
SELECT * FROM table1;
CREATE TABLE tableb (
col1 INT,
col2 INT
);
INSERT INTO tableb
SELECT * FROM table2;
/* whole procedure ends with the custom delimiter */
END$$
/* Finally, reset the delimiter to the default ; */
DELIMITER ;
Attempting to use DELIMITER with a client that doesn't support it will cause it to be sent to the server, which will report a syntax error. For example, using PHP and MySQLi:
$mysqli = new mysqli('localhost', 'user', 'pass', 'test');
$result = $mysqli->query('DELIMITER $$');
echo $mysqli->error;
Errors with:
You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds
to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'DELIMITER $$' at line 1
The DELIMITER statement changes the standard delimiter which is semicolon ( ;) to another. The delimiter is changed from the semicolon( ;) to double-slashes //.
Why do we have to change the delimiter?
Because we want to pass the stored procedure, custom functions etc. to the server as a whole rather than letting mysql tool to interpret each statement at a time.
When you create a stored routine that has a BEGIN...END block, statements within the block are terminated by semicolon (;). But the CREATE PROCEDURE statement also needs a terminator. So it becomes ambiguous whether the semicolon within the body of the routine terminates CREATE PROCEDURE, or terminates one of the statements within the body of the procedure.
The way to resolve the ambiguity is to declare a distinct string (which must not occur within the body of the procedure) that the MySQL client recognizes as the true terminator for the CREATE PROCEDURE statement.
You define a DELIMITER to tell the mysql client to treat the statements, functions, stored procedures or triggers as an entire statement. Normally in a .sql file you set a different DELIMITER like $$. The DELIMITER command is used to change the standard delimiter of MySQL commands (i.e. ;). As the statements within the routines (functions, stored procedures or triggers) end with a semi-colon (;), to treat them as a compound statement
we use DELIMITER. If not defined when using different routines in the same file or command line, it will give syntax error.
Note that you can use a variety of non-reserved characters to make your own custom delimiter. You should avoid the use of the backslash (\) character because that is the escape character for MySQL.
DELIMITER isn't really a MySQL language command, it's a client command.
Example
DELIMITER $$
/*This is treated as a single statement as it ends with $$ */
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `get_count_for_department`$$
/*This routine is a compound statement. It ends with $$ to let the mysql client know to execute it as a single statement.*/
CREATE DEFINER=`student`#`localhost` PROCEDURE `get_count_for_department`(IN the_department VARCHAR(64), OUT the_count INT)
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO the_count FROM employees where department=the_department;
END$$
/*DELIMITER is set to it's default*/
DELIMITER ;