Introduction
There are many good and well tested recipes for a footer that is always as the bottom of a page but is not fixed (or overlap content). Here is one that works for me: http://ryanfait.com/sticky-footer/
In short it works like follows:
HTML:
<html><body>
<div id="wrapper>SOME CONTENT</div><footer></footer>
</body></html>
CSS:
* {
margin: 0;
}
html, body {
height: 100%;
}
#wrapper {
min-height: 100%;
height: 100%;
margin: 0 auto -4em;
}
footer {
height: 4em;
}
The trick is that #wrapper is forced to use 100% of available height, but is margin bottom leaves some space for a footer (negative margin is exactly the size of the footer).
Problem description
While building a Single Page Application, some javascripts frameworks like Ember.js adds additional divs to our document structure (for example to handle events). This creates an addtional wrapper around our original document which may look like this:
<html><body>
<div class="framework-container">
<div id="wrapper>SOME CONTENT</div><footer></footer>
</div>
</body></html>
This additional div breaks our CSS setup. To improve the situation we want to say that framework-container should behave exactly as body, so we may try to add:
.framework-container {
position: relative;
height: 100%;
min-height: 100%;
}
And it almost work: if the content is smaller than the page height. Otherwise there is a noticeable distance between the footer and bottom of the page - which we cannot accept.
Does anyone know a pure CSS solution to this problem?
I'm not sure if you said the wrapper worked or not, but you can tell Ember to insert the application into a particular element, and it won't insert any elements outside(above) that element.
Set the root Element
App = Em.Application.create({
rootElement: '#body'
});
HTML
<div id="container">
<div id="header">I'm a header</div>
<div id="body"></div>
<div id="footer">I'm a footer</div>
</div>
CSS
html,
body {
margin:0;
padding:0;
height:100%;
}
#container {
min-height:100%;
position:relative;
}
#header {
background:#ff0;
padding:10px;
}
#body {
padding:10px;
padding-bottom:60px; /* Height of the footer */
}
#footer {
position:absolute;
bottom:0;
width:100%;
height:60px; /* Height of the footer */
background:#6cf;
}
http://emberjs.jsbin.com/OPaguRU/1/edit
I totally jacked some of this from: http://matthewjamestaylor.com/blog/keeping-footers-at-the-bottom-of-the-page
In my website, I have a footer that has a height of 100px and the css for the footer looks something like the following:
.footnote {
width: 95%;
height: 100px;
position: fixed;
background: url('../images/coolfooter.png') bottom center;
bottom: 40px;
left: 30px;
}
The problem is if I have too much content on my web page, the content starts overlapping with the footer.
I want to restrict the content to only appear above the footer always somehow, so that no content gets overlapped with footer.
How can this be done?
Have you tried z-index? As others have said it's a bit hard to say without looking at the html. I'm not 100% sure what you're asking for.
You basically need to make sure that either the content has a bottom margin greater than or equal to the height of the footer, or (if the content is in a container of some sort) that it's container has a bottom padding equal to or greater than the height of the footer.
Here's a fairly popular reference site for doing this so-called "sticky footer": http://www.cssstickyfooter.com/
Adding overflow:auto to div.content should be sufficient.
<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
div.header
{
top:0px;
height:100px;
max-height:120px;
min-height:100px;
}
div.content
{
height:600px;
max-height:750px;
overflow:auto;
}
div.footer
{
height:100px;
max-height:120px;
min-height:100px;
clear:both;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="header"></div
<div class="content"></div>
<div class="footer"></div>
</body>
</html>
Problem
I'm using this implementation of a CSS sticky footer. It does:
html,body{
height:100%;
}
I use (would like to) use a repeating background, however, the height:100% causes this issue:
(image from another sticky footer question with unsatisfactory answers)
It's my understanding that the image gets sized to the size of the window at rendering, and thus never sizes past that.
Question
Is it possible to continue to use my existing choice of CSS sticky footer with a repeating background image rendered completely on long pages
OR
is there another option of CSS sticky footers which does support the repeating background?
For reference
<div id="wrap">
<div id="header">Header text</div>
<div id="main">
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer">Footer Text</div>
CSS
* {margin:0;padding:0;}
html, body {height: 100%;}
#wrap {min-height: 100%;}
#main {overflow:auto;
padding-bottom: 180px;} /* must be same height as the footer */
#footer {position: relative;
margin-top: -180px; /* negative value of footer height */
height: 180px;
clear:both;}
Simply add additional wrapper. At least I always do exactly that. And attach bg-image to div#no-footer, it will stretch to the bottom
html, body {
height:100%;
}
#wrap {
min-height:100%;
background-image:url(...) top left repeat-x;
}
#no-footer-pad {
padding-bottom:100px;
}
#footer {
height:100px;
margin-top:-100px;
}
html markup:
<html>
<head></head>
<body>
<div id="wrap">
<div id="no-footer-pad"></div>
</div>
<div id="footer"></div>
</body>
So you have almost this markup, you must simply add additional div (#no-footer-pad), so that your content would not overlap footer
Hey now used to position fixed for this sticky footer as like this
.footer{
position:fixed;
bottom:0;
left:0;
right:0;
height:xxxx;
}
I have a header element and a content element:
#header
#content
I want the header to be of fixed height and the content to fill up all the remaining height available on the screen, with overflow-y: scroll;.
It this possible without Javascript?
forget all the answers, this line of CSS worked for me in 2 seconds :
height:100vh;
1vh = 1% of browser screen height
source
For responsive layout scaling, you might want to use :
min-height: 100vh
[update november 2018]
As mentionned in the comments, using the min-height might avoid having issues on reponsive designs
[update april 2018] As mentioned in the comments, back in 2011 when the question was asked, not all browsers supported the viewport units.
The other answers were the solutions back then -- vmax is still not supported in IE, so this might not be the best solution for all yet.
The trick to this is specifying 100% height on the html and body elements.
Some browsers look to the parent elements (html, body) to calculate the height.
<html>
<body>
<div id="Header">
</div>
<div id="Content">
</div>
</body>
</html>
html, body
{
height: 100%;
}
#Header
{
width: 960px;
height: 150px;
}
#Content
{
height: 100%;
width: 960px;
}
Actually the best approach is this:
html {
height:100%;
}
body {
min-height:100%;
}
This solves everything for me and it helps me to control my footer and it can have the fixed footer no matter if page is being scrolled down.
Technical Solution - EDITED
Historically, 'height' is tricky thing to mold with, compared to 'width', the easiest. Since css focus on <body> for styling to work. The code above - we gave <html> and <body> a height. This is where magic comes into picture - since we have 'min-height' on playing table, we are telling browser that <body> is superior over <html> because <body> holds the min-height. This in turn, allows <body> to override <html> because <html> had height already earlier. In other words, we are tricking browser to "bump" <html> off the table, so we could style independently.
You can use vh on the min-height property.
min-height: 100vh;
You can do as follows, depending on how you are using the margins...
min-height: calc(100vh - 10px) //Considering you're using some 10px margin top on an outside element
The accepted solution will not actually work.
You will notice that the content div will be equal to the height of its parent, body.
So setting the body height to 100% will set it equal to the height of the browser window. Let's say the browser window was 768px in height, by setting the content div height to 100%, the div's height will in turn be 768px. Thus, you will end up with the header div being 150px and the content div being 768px. In the end you will have content 150px below the bottom of the page. For another solution, check out this link.
With HTML5 you can do this:
CSS:
body, html{ width:100%; height:100%; padding: 0; margin: 0;}
header{ width:100%; height: 70px; }
section{ width: 100%; height: calc(100% - 70px);}
HTML:
<header>blabablalba </header>
<section> Content </section>
For me, the next worked well:
I wrapped the header and the content on a div
<div class="main-wrapper">
<div class="header">
</div>
<div class="content">
</div>
</div>
I used this reference to fill the height with flexbox. The CSS goes like this:
.main-wrapper {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
min-height: 100vh;
}
.header {
flex: 1;
}
.content {
flex: 1;
}
For more info about the flexbox technique, visit the reference
Please let me add my 5 cents here and offer a classical solution:
html {height:100%;}
body {height:100%; margin:0;}
#idOuter {position:relative; width:100%; height:100%;}
#idHeader {position:absolute; left:0; right:0; border:solid 3px red;}
#idContent {position:absolute; overflow-y:scroll; left:0; right:0; border:solid 3px green;}
<div id="idOuter">
<div id="idHeader" style="height:30px; top:0;">Header section</div>
<div id="idContent" style="top:36px; bottom:0;">Content section</div>
</div>
This will work in all browsers, no script, no flex. Open snippet in full page mode and resize browser: desired proportions are preserved even in fullscreen mode.
Note:
Elements with different background color can actually cover
each other. Here I used solid border to ensure that elements are placed
correctly.
idHeader.height and idContent.top are adjusted to include border,
and should have the same value if border is not used. Otherwise
elements will pull out of the viewport, since calculated width does
not include border, margin and/or padding.
left:0; right:0; can be replaced by width:100% for the same
reason, if no border used.
Testing in separate page (not as a snippet) does not require any
html/body adjustment.
In IE6 and earlier versions we must add padding-top and/or
padding-bottom attributes to #idOuter element.
To complete my answer, here is the footer layout:
html {height:100%;}
body {height:100%; margin:0;}
#idOuter {position:relative; width:100%; height:100%;}
#idContent {position:absolute; overflow-y:scroll; left:0; right:0; border:solid 3px green;}
#idFooter {position:absolute; left:0; right:0; border:solid 3px blue;}
<div id="idOuter">
<div id="idContent" style="bottom:36px; top:0;">Content section</div>
<div id="idFooter" style="height:30px; bottom:0;">Footer section</div>
</div>
And here is the layout with both header and footer:
html {height:100%;}
body {height:100%; margin:0;}
#idOuter {position:relative; width:100%; height:100%;}
#idHeader {position:absolute; left:0; right:0; border:solid 3px red;}
#idContent {position:absolute; overflow-y:scroll; left:0; right:0; border:solid 3px green;}
#idFooter {position:absolute; left:0; right:0; border:solid 3px blue;}
<div id="idOuter">
<div id="idHeader" style="height:30px; top:0;">Header section</div>
<div id="idContent" style="top:36px; bottom:36px;">Content section</div>
<div id="idFooter" style="height:30px; bottom:0;">Footer section</div>
</div>
You can also set the parent to display: inline. See http://codepen.io/tommymarshall/pen/cECyH
Be sure to also have the height of html and body set to 100%, too.
The accepted answer does not work. And the highest voted answer does not answer the actual question. With a fixed pixel height header, and a filler in the remaining display of the browser, and scroll for owerflow. Here is a solution that actually works, using absolute positioning. I also assume that the height of the header is known, by the sound of "fixed header" in the question. I use 150px as an example here:
HTML:
<html>
<body>
<div id="Header">
</div>
<div id="Content">
</div>
</body>
</html>
CSS:(adding background-color for visual effect only)
#Header
{
height: 150px;
width: 100%;
background-color: #ddd;
}
#Content
{
position: absolute;
width: 100%;
top: 150px;
bottom: 0;
background-color: #aaa;
overflow-y: scroll;
}
For a more detailed look how this works, with actual content inside the #Content, have a look at this jsfiddle, using bootstrap rows and columns.
In this instance I want my main content div to be liquid height so that the whole page takes up 100% of the browser height.
height: 100vh;
Unless you need to support IE 9 and below, I would use flexbox
body { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.header { height: 70px; }
.content { flex: 1 1 0 }
You also need to get body to fill the whole page
body, html{ width:100%; height:100%; padding: 0; margin: 0;}
CSS PLaY | cross browser fixed header/footer/centered single column layout
CSS Frames, version 2: Example 2, specified width | 456 Berea Street
One important thing is that although this sounds easy, there's going to be quite a bit of ugly code going into your CSS file to get an effect like this. Unfortunately, it really is the only option.
#Header
{
width: 960px;
height: 150px;
}
#Content
{
min-height:100vh;
height: 100%;
width: 960px;
}
The best solution I found so far is setting a footer element at the bottom of the page and then evaluate the difference of the offset of the footer and the element we need to expand.
e.g.
The html file
<div id="contents"></div>
<div id="footer"></div>
The css file
#footer {
position: fixed;
bottom: 0;
width: 100%;
}
The js file (using jquery)
var contents = $('#contents');
var footer = $('#footer');
contents.css('height', (footer.offset().top - contents.offset().top) + 'px');
You might also like to update the height of the contents element on each window resize, so...
$(window).on('resize', function() {
contents.css('height', (footer.offset().top -contents.offset().top) + 'px');
});
Have you tried something like this?
CSS:
.content {
height: 100%;
display: block;
}
HTML:
<div class=".content">
<!-- Content goes here -->
</div>
I have 2 DIVs, one containing a map, this one is above the other one. It should take all space available, except for the footer, which is 25px high.
Currently I give the map 95% of the height, and the footer 25px. Problem is when the windows gets really big, the footer becomes enormousness, and when the windows becomes really small, scroll bars kick in.
However, this is not what I want, I want:
#map { height: <window_height - footer_height> }
#footer { height: 25px }
How could I achieve this using only CSS and HTML?
PS. I know there probably are some simple javascript solutions, but for educations sake, I want to know how to do this without javascript.
Have a look at this:
keeping footers at the bottom of the page
All the code is there.
Basically you do this in your HTML:
<html><body>
<div id="container">
<div id="map"></div>
<div id="footer"></div>
</div>
</body></html>
And then in your CSS:
html,
body {
margin:0;
padding:0;
height:100%;
}
#container {
min-height:100%;
position:relative;
}
#map {
padding:10px;
padding-bottom:25px; /* Height of the footer */
}
#footer {
position:absolute;
bottom:0;
width:100%;
height:25px; /* Height of the footer */
}
There are other ways to achieve this and similar effects.
Let know if this is what you wanted.
Hope this helps.