Not inserting Turkish characters in SQL table. Displays 'xxx??xxx' when selected - mysql

Question

I am trying to add Turkish names on my table but then when displayed it gives me ? instead of any of them. Any help what I am missing here? This is my table:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `offerings` (
`dep` varchar(5) CHARACTER SET utf16 COLLATE utf16_turkish_ci DEFAULT NULL,
`grade` varchar(4) CHARACTER SET utf16 COLLATE utf16_turkish_ci DEFAULT NULL,
`section` varchar(3) CHARACTER SET utf16 COLLATE utf16_turkish_ci DEFAULT NULL,
`name` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf16 COLLATE utf16_turkish_ci DEFAULT NULL,
`teacher` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf16 COLLATE utf16_turkish_ci DEFAULT NULL,
`quota` varchar(2) CHARACTER SET utf16 COLLATE utf16_turkish_ci DEFAULT NULL,
`lec1` varchar(35) CHARACTER SET utf16 COLLATE utf16_turkish_ci DEFAULT NULL,
`lec2` varchar(35) CHARACTER SET utf16 COLLATE utf16_turkish_ci DEFAULT NULL,
`lec3` varchar(35) DEFAULT NULL,
`lec4` varchar(35) DEFAULT NULL,
`lec5` varchar(35) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf16;
As suggested from the answer I choose here is the solution to the problem for whoever googles this topic. Special thanks to all who contributed in the solution of my problem.
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `offerings` (
`dep` varchar(5) NOT NULL,
`grade` varchar(4) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
`section` varchar(3) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(100) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
`teacher` varchar(50) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
`quota` varchar(2) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci,
`lec1` varchar(35) DEFAULT NULL,
`lec2` varchar(35) DEFAULT NULL,
`lec3` varchar(35) DEFAULT NULL,
`lec4` varchar(35) DEFAULT NULL,
`lec5` varchar(35) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci;

Answer 1

(Beginnings of an answer...)
Please don't use utf16; there is virtually no reason for such in a MySQL table.
So, assuming you switch to utf8, let's see if we can get rid of the ? problems.
utf8 needs to be established in about 4 places.
The column(s) in the database -- Use SHOW CREATE TABLE to verify that they are explicitly set to utf8, or defaulted from the table definition. (It is not enough to change the database default.)
The connection between the client and the server. See SET NAMES utf8.
The bytes you have. (This is probably the case.)
If you are displaying the text in a web page, check the <meta> tag.
What probably happened:
you had utf8-encoded data (good)
SET NAMES latin1 was in effect (default, but wrong)
the column was declared CHARACTER SET latin1 (default, but wrong)
Since the CHARACTER SET disagrees with what you have shown, the problem is possibly more complex. Please provide
SELECT col, HEX(col) FROM tbl WHERE ...
for some simple cell with Turkish characters. With this, I may be able to figure out what happened.
Also, Reference notes on encodings.

Answer 2

VARCHARs are character strings, while NVARCHARS are Unicode character strings. NVARCHARS require more bits per character to store, but have a greater range. Try updating your data types. This should fix your problem.
EDIT This answer is wrong. The OP clearly asked for a MySQL solution, but the above applies only to SQL Server.