HttpAsyncClient isn't making request if setConnectionManagerShared is set to true - apache-httpclient-4.x

For some reason HttpAsyncClient isn't making request if setConnectionManagerShared is set to true. I found this bug but couldn't figure out what I'm missing.
Here is how I create new client
def apply(proxy: Option[HttpHost], cookieStore: Option[CookieStore]) = {
val builder = HttpAsyncClients.custom.
setConnectionManager(connManager).
setConnectionManagerShared(true).
setDefaultCredentialsProvider(credentialsProvider).
setDefaultRequestConfig(defaultRequestConfig).
setSSLStrategy(sslStrategy)
proxy.map(builder.setProxy)
builder.setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore.getOrElse(new BasicCookieStore)) // Use custom cookie store if necessary.
// Create an HttpClient with the given custom dependencies and configuration.
val client: HttpAsyncClient = new HttpAsyncClient(builder.build)
client
}
Full class is located is here.
What should I change ?

DefaultConnectingIOReactor ioReactor = new DefaultConnectingIOReactor();
PoolingNHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingNHttpClientConnectionManager(ioReactor);
CloseableHttpAsyncClient client1 = HttpAsyncClients.custom()
.setConnectionManager(cm)
.build();
CloseableHttpAsyncClient client2 = HttpAsyncClients.custom()
.setConnectionManager(cm)
.setConnectionManagerShared(true)
.build();
client1.start();
client2.start();
final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(2);
FutureCallback callback = new FutureCallback<HttpResponse>() {
#Override
public void completed(HttpResponse result) {
latch.countDown();
System.out.println(result.getStatusLine());
}
#Override
public void failed(Exception ex) {
latch.countDown();
System.out.println(ex.getMessage());
}
#Override
public void cancelled() {
latch.countDown();
}
};
client1.execute(new HttpGet("http://httpbin.org/get"), callback);
client2.execute(new HttpGet("http://httpbin.org/get"), callback);
latch.await();
// I am aware this is sloppy
client1.close();
client2.close();

Related

How to correctly handle data management with SharedPreferences?

Right now, I am in the process of "optimizing" my app. I am still a beginner, so what I am doing is basically moving methods from my MainActivity.class to their separate class. I believe it's called Encapsulation (Please correct me if I'm wrong).
My application needs to :
Get a YouTube Playlist Link from the YouTube App (with an Intent, android.intent.action.SEND).
Use the link to fetch data from the Google Servers with the YouTubeApi and Volley.
Read the data received and add it to an arrayList<String>.
What my YouTubeUsage.java class is supposed to do, is fetch data with the YouTubeApi and Volley then store the data using SharedPreferences. Once the data is saved, the data is being read in my ConvertActivity.class (It's an activity specifically created for android.intent.action.SEND) with my method getVideoIds() before setting an adapter for my listView in my createRecyclerView() method.
YouTubeUsage.java
public class YoutubeUsage {
private Boolean results = false;
private String mResponse;
private ArrayList<String> videoIds = new ArrayList<>();
String Url;
public String getUrl(String signal) {
String playlistId = signal.substring(signal.indexOf("=") + 1);
this.Url = "https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/playlistItems?part=contentDetails%2C%20snippet%2C%20id&playlistId=" +
playlistId + "&maxResults=25&key=" + "API_KEY";
return this.Url;
}
public void fetch(String Url, final Context context){
RequestQueue queue = Volley.newRequestQueue(context);
StringRequest request = new StringRequest(Request.Method.GET, Url,
new Response.Listener<String>() {
#Override
public void onResponse(String response) {
sharedPreferences(response, context);
}
}, new Response.ErrorListener() {
#Override
public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {
Log.e("VolleyError", Objects.requireNonNull(error.getMessage()));
}
});
queue.add(request);
}
private void sharedPreferences(String response, Context context){
SharedPreferences m = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context);
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = m.edit();
if (m.contains("serverResponse")){
if (!m.getString("serverResponse", "").equals(response)){
editor.remove("serverResponse");
editor.apply();
updateSharedPreferences(response, context);
}
} else{
updateSharedPreferences(response, context);
}
}
private void updateSharedPreferences(String mResponse, Context mContext){
SharedPreferences m = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(mContext);
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = m.edit();
editor.putString("serverResponse", mResponse);
editor.apply();
}
}
ConvertActivity.java
public class ConvertActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
YoutubeUsage youtubeUsage = new YoutubeUsage();
ArrayList<String> videoIDs = new ArrayList<>();
String Url = "";
ListView listView;
MyCustomAdapter myCustomAdapter;
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_convert);
listView = findViewById(R.id.listview_convert);
Intent intent = getIntent();
String action = intent.getAction();
String type = intent.getType();
if ("android.intent.action.SEND".equals(action) && "text/plain".equals(type)) {
Url = youtubeUsage.getUrl(Objects.requireNonNull(intent.getStringExtra("android.intent.extra.TEXT")));
}
//I would like to avoid the try/catch below
try {
videoIDs = getVideoIDs(Url, this);
createRecyclerView(videoIDs);
Log.i("ResponseVideoIDs", String.valueOf(videoIDs.size()));
} catch (JSONException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private ArrayList<String> getVideoIDs(String Url, Context context) throws JSONException {
ArrayList<String> rawVideoIDs = new ArrayList<>();
youtubeUsage.fetch(Url, context);
SharedPreferences m = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context);
String serverResponse = m.getString("serverResponse", "");
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(serverResponse);
JSONArray jsonArray = jsonObject.getJSONArray("items");
for (int i = 0; i<jsonArray.length(); i++){
JSONObject jsonObject1 = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i);
JSONObject jsonVideoId = jsonObject1.getJSONObject("contentDetails");
rawVideoIDs.add(jsonVideoId.getString("videoId"));
}
return rawVideoIDs;
}
private void createRecyclerView(ArrayList<String> videoIDs){
myCustomAdapter = new MyCustomAdapter(this, videoIDs);
listView.setAdapter(myCustomAdapter);
myCustomAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
}
}
Everything works fine, however, my sharedPreferences never gets updated. Which means, if I share a YouTube playlist from the YouTube App to my app with 3 items in it, it will work fine. The Listview will show 3 items with their corresponding IDs as it should. But, if I share a YouTube playlist again, my app will still hold on to the data of the previous playlist I shared (even if I close it), showing the item number and the IDs of the previous link. If i continue to share the same playlist over and over, it will eventually show the correct number of items and the correct IDs.
I could totally put all my methods from the YouTubeUsage.java in my ConvertActivity.class preventing me from using SharedPreferences to transfer data between the two java classes. However, JSON throws an exception. That means I have to encapsulate my code with try/catch. I would like to avoid those since I need to do a lot of operations on the data just received by Volley (check a class size, look for certains strings). I find that doing this in these try/catch don't work like I want. (i.e. outside the try/catch, the values remains the same even if I updated them in the try/catch).
I want to know two things.
How can I correct this problem?
Is this the most efficient way to do this (optimization)? (I though of maybe
converting the VolleyResponse to a string with Gson then store the String file, but I don't know if that's the best way to do it since it's supposed to be
provisional data. It feels like just more of the same).
Thank You!
There is an issue with making assumptions about order of events. Volley will handle requests asynchronously, so it is advisable to implement the observer pattern here.
Create a new Java file that just contains:
interface MyNetworkResponse {
void goodResponse(String responseString);
}
Then make sure ConvertActivity implements MyNetworkResponse and create method:
void goodResponse(String responseString) {
// handle a positive response here, i.e. extract the JSON and send to your RecyclerView.
}
within your Activity.
In your YoutubeUsage constructor, pass in the Activity context (YoutubeUsage) and then store this in a YoutubeUsage instance variable called ctx.
In onCreate, create an instance of YoutubeUsage and pass in this.
In onResponse just call ctx.goodResponse(response).
Amend the following block to:
if ("android.intent.action.SEND".equals(action) && "text/plain".equals(type)) {
Url = youtubeUsage.getUrl(Objects.requireNonNull(intent.getStringExtra("android.intent.extra.TEXT")));
youtubeUsage.fetch(Url);
}
Delete the try/catch from onCreate.
And no need to use SharedPreferences at all.
UPDATE
Try this code:
MyNetworkResponse.java
interface MyNetworkResponse {
void goodResponse(String responseString);
void badResponse(VolleyError error);
}
YoutubeUsage.java
class YoutubeUsage {
private RequestQueue queue;
private MyNetworkResponse callback;
YoutubeUsage(Object caller) {
this.callback = (MyNetworkResponse) caller;
queue = Volley.newRequestQueue((Context) caller);
}
static String getUrl(String signal) {
String playlistId = signal.substring(signal.indexOf("=") + 1);
return "https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/playlistItems?part=contentDetails%2C%20snippet%2C%20id&playlistId=" + playlistId + "&maxResults=25&key=" + "API_KEY";
}
void fetch(String url){
StringRequest request = new StringRequest(Request.Method.GET, url,
new Response.Listener<String>() {
#Override
public void onResponse(String response) {
callback.goodResponse(response);
}
}, new Response.ErrorListener() {
#Override
public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {
callback.badResponse(error);
}
});
queue.add(request);
}
}
ConvertActivity.java
public class ConvertActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements MyNetworkResponse {
YoutubeUsage youtubeUsage;
ArrayList<String> videoIDs = new ArrayList<>();
ListView listView;
MyCustomAdapter myCustomAdapter;
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_convert);
listView = findViewById(R.id.listview_convert);
youtubeUsage = new YoutubeUsage(this);
Intent intent = getIntent();
String action = intent.getAction();
String type = intent.getType();
if ("android.intent.action.SEND".equals(action) && "text/plain".equals(type)) {
String url = YoutubeUsage.getUrl(Objects.requireNonNull(intent.getStringExtra("android.intent.extra.TEXT")));
youtubeUsage.fetch(url);
}
}
private ArrayList<String> getVideoIDs(String serverResponse) throws JSONException {
ArrayList<String> rawVideoIDs = new ArrayList<>();
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(serverResponse);
JSONArray jsonArray = jsonObject.getJSONArray("items");
for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.length(); i++) {
JSONObject jsonObject1 = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i);
JSONObject jsonVideoId = jsonObject1.getJSONObject("contentDetails");
rawVideoIDs.add(jsonVideoId.getString("videoId"));
}
return rawVideoIDs;
}
private void createRecyclerView(ArrayList<String> videoIDs) {
myCustomAdapter = new MyCustomAdapter(this, videoIDs);
listView.setAdapter(myCustomAdapter);
myCustomAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
}
#Override
public void goodResponse(String responseString) {
Log.d("Convert:goodResp", "[" + responseString + "]");
try {
ArrayList<String> rawVideoIDs = getVideoIDs(responseString);
createRecyclerView(rawVideoIDs);
} catch (JSONException e) {
// handle JSONException, e.g. malformed response from server.
}
}
#Override
public void badResponse(VolleyError error) {
// handle unwanted server response.
}
}

I want to create highchart widget by Eclipse RAP and i follow "RAP/Custom Widgets FAQ",but there is error?

i want to create some highchart widget by Eclipse RAP ,and i follow the official guide like this
handlejs:
var CKEDITOR_BASEPATH = "rwt-resources/";
(function(){
'use strict';
rap.registerTypeHandler( "rap.sunline.HighCharts", {
factory : function( properties ) {
var parent = rap.getObject( properties.parent );
// var element = document.createElement( "div" );
// parent.append( element );
// $(element).html("askldfjaskljdk");
return {};
}
});
}());
widget.java:
public class HightChartComposite extends Composite {
private static final String RESOURCES_PATH = "resources/";
private static final String REGISTER_PATH = "hightcharts/";
private static final String[] RESOURCE_FILES = { "jquery-2.1.0.min.js", "highcharts.js","ChartPaintListener.js" };
private static final String REMOTE_TYPE = "rap.sunline.HightCharts";
private final RemoteObject remoteObject;
private final OperationHandler operationHandler = new AbstractOperationHandler() {
#Override
public void handleSet(JsonObject properties) {
// JsonValue textValue = properties.get("text");
// if (textValue != null) {
// text = textValue.asString();
// }
}
};
public HightChartComposite(Composite parent, int style) {
super(parent, style);
registerResources();
loadJavaScript();
Connection connection = RWT.getUISession().getConnection();
remoteObject = connection.createRemoteObject(REMOTE_TYPE);
remoteObject.setHandler(operationHandler);
remoteObject.set("parent", WidgetUtil.getId(this));
}
private void registerResources() {
ResourceManager resourceManager = RWT.getResourceManager();
boolean isRegistered = resourceManager.isRegistered(REGISTER_PATH + RESOURCE_FILES[0]);
if (!isRegistered) {
try {
for (String fileName : RESOURCE_FILES) {
register(resourceManager, fileName);
}
} catch (IOException ioe) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Failed to load resources", ioe);
}
}
}
private void loadJavaScript() {
JavaScriptLoader jsLoader = RWT.getClient().getService(JavaScriptLoader.class);
ResourceManager resourceManager = RWT.getResourceManager();
jsLoader.require(resourceManager.getLocation(REGISTER_PATH + "jquery-2.1.0.min.js"));
jsLoader.require(resourceManager.getLocation(REGISTER_PATH + "highcharts.js"));
jsLoader.require(resourceManager.getLocation(REGISTER_PATH + "ChartPaintListener.js"));
}
private void register(ResourceManager resourceManager, String fileName) throws IOException {
ClassLoader classLoader = HightChartComposite.class.getClassLoader();
InputStream inputStream = classLoader.getResourceAsStream(RESOURCES_PATH + fileName);
try {
resourceManager.register(REGISTER_PATH + fileName, inputStream);
} finally {
inputStream.close();
}
}
// //////////////////
// overwrite methods
#Override
public void setLayout(Layout layout) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Cannot change internal layout of CkEditor");
}
}
the error is occur:
Uncaught Error: Operation "create" on target "r6" of type "null" failed:
No Handler for type rap.sunline.HightCharts
Properties:
parent = w5
and i have a question about this , what differents from extends Canvas and Composite;
You forget to implement setters in your javascript code.
The created object is stored by the framework under its object id. This object has to implement setter methods that match the properties defined in the handler, which will then be called when the server sends a set operation for a given property.

How do I upgrade from DefaultHttpClient() to HttpClientBuilder.create().build()?

I have a routine which checks if a record has been indexed by Solr. I have a deprecated method of creating a HTTPClient which I'm trying to remove:
From
DefaultHttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
To
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
The problem I now have is that after 2 call to the URL, the 3rd attempt seems to hang. I'm not quite sure what I'm missing if anyone can help please?
This is my complete method which I've extracted out into a test:
#Test
public void checkUntilRecordAvailable() {
String output;
String solrSingleJobURL = "http://solr01.prod.efinancialcareers.com:8080/solr/jobSearchCollection/select?q=id%3A7618769%0A&fl=*&wt=json&indent=true";
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(solrSingleJobURL);
StringBuilder jobResponseBuilder;
Gson gson = new Gson();
while (true) {
System.out.print("WAITING FOR SOLR PARTIAL TO RUN " + solrSingleJobURL);
jobResponseBuilder = new StringBuilder();
try {
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader((response.getEntity().getContent())));
while ((output = br.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(output);
jobResponseBuilder.append(output);
}
JobResponse jobResponse = gson.fromJson(jobResponseBuilder.toString(), JobResponse.class);
Long numberOfRecordsFound = jobResponse.getNumberOfRecordsFound();
if (numberOfRecordsFound == 0) {
System.out.println("- PAUSE FOR 10 SECONDS UNTIL NEXT CHECK");
Thread.sleep(5000);
} else {
System.out.println(" RECORD FOUND ");
httpClient.close();
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
here is some code using the builders from 4.3 httpclient.. dont know if it helps .. I use skeleton from here. So , i wrap the creation of the httpclient in a runnable and post it to a que-processor for the EXEC. Note the runnable has your 'builder' stuff in it.
RequestConfig config = null;
private HttpClientContext context;
public void create(int method, final String url, final String data) {
this.method = method;// GET, POST, HEAD, DELETE etc
this.url = url;
this.data = data; //entity body of POST
this.config = RequestConfig.custom()
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(60 * 1000)
.setSocketTimeout(60 * 1000)
.build();
this.context = HttpClientContext.create();
ConnectionMgr.getInstance().push(this);
}
//above creates a runnable that can be posted to a generic execution que
//detls on run() include builder asked about
public void run() {
handler.sendMessage(Message.obtain(handler, HttpConnection.DID_START));
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom()
.setConnectionManager(YourConnectionMgr.getInstance())
.addInterceptorLast(new HttpRequestInterceptor() {
public void process(
final HttpRequest request,
final HttpContext context) throws HttpException, IOException {
if (request.getRequestLine().getMethod() == "POST"){
request.addHeader("Content-Type", mimeType) ;}
}else if(request.getRequestLine().getMethod() == "GET" && !request.getRequestLine().getUri().toString().contains("ffmpeg")){
request.addHeader("X-Parse-Application-Id", ParseApplication.key_appId);
}
}) .build();

Error : HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily

I am doing Http POST request using HTTPClient 4.2.2. I am using .pfx certificate to access the URL mentioned in post request. But I am getting 302, Move temporarily error
//Java Code
public class CertificateAuth {
private static final long TIMEOUT = 500000000L;
//set trust store to be used to trust server certificate
private String tokeApiPostUrl = "http://test.com/l1/rest1/lt/v1/data";
private String tokenPost = "{\"id\": \"Token_15555\",\"type\": \"token\",\"entity_type\": \"Store\",\"entity_id\": \"StoreId\",\"expiration_time\": 1376579410}";
//client is taken as class varibable so that Cookies set by Server persists between
//multiple calls
private HttpClient client = null;
public CertificateAuth() {
}
public String createToken() throws Exception {
// set reasonable timeouts as we seem to wait forever to get a response:
KeyStore keystore = KeyStore.getInstance("pkcs12");
InputStream keystoreInput = new FileInputStream("abc.pfx");
keystore.load(keystoreInput, "password".toCharArray());
SchemeRegistry schemeRegistry = new SchemeRegistry();
SSLSocketFactory lSchemeSocketFactory = new SSLSocketFactory(keystore, "qwerty10");
schemeRegistry.register(new Scheme("http", PlainSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 80));
schemeRegistry.register(new Scheme("https", 443, lSchemeSocketFactory));
final HttpParams httpParams = new BasicHttpParams();
client = new DefaultHttpClient(new SingleClientConnManager(httpParams, schemeRegistry), httpParams);
String version = null;
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(tokeApiPostUrl);
// httpPost.getParams().setParameter(ClientPNames.HANDLE_REDIRECTS, Boolean.TRUE);
client.getParams().setParameter(ClientPNames.ALLOW_CIRCULAR_REDIRECTS, true);
try {
Map<String, String> headersParameters = new HashMap<String, String>();
JSONObject jsonObj = new JSONObject(tokenPost);
setParametersJson(httpPost, headersParameters, jsonObj);
HttpResponse resp = client.execute(httpPost);
if(resp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK || resp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_CREATED) {
System.out.println("Succesfully queried");
}
} finally {
httpPost.releaseConnection();
}
return version;
}
private void setParametersJson(HttpRequestBase httpOperation, Map <String, String> headerParameters, JSONObject jsonObject) {
for (String headerName : headerParameters.keySet()) {
httpOperation.setHeader(headerName, headerParameters.get(headerName));
}
if (jsonObject != null) {
try {
StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(jsonObject.toString());
if (httpOperation instanceof HttpPost) {
((HttpPost) httpOperation).setEntity(stringEntity);
} else if (httpOperation instanceof HttpPut) {
((HttpPut) httpOperation).setEntity(stringEntity);
}
} catch(UnsupportedEncodingException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
} catch(Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
CertificateAuth ua = new CertificateAuth();
ua.createToken();
}
}
Add this line to your code.
client.setRedirectStrategy(new LaxRedirectStrategy());

Ehcache hangs in test

I am in the process of rewriting a bottle neck in the code of the project I am on, and in doing so I am creating a top level item that contains a self populating Ehcache. I am attempting to write a test to make sure that the basic call chain is established, but when the test executes it hands when retrieving the item from the cache.
Here are the Setup and the test, for reference mocking is being done with Mockito:
#Before
public void SetUp()
{
testCache = new Cache(getTestCacheConfiguration());
recordingFactory = new EntryCreationRecordingCache();
service = new Service<Request, Response>(testCache, recordingFactory);
}
#Test
public void retrievesResultsFromSuppliedCache()
{
ResultType resultType = mock(ResultType.class);
Response expectedResponse = mock(Response.class);
addToExpectedResults(resultType, expectedResponse);
Request request = mock(Request.class);
when(request.getResultType()).thenReturn(resultType);
assertThat(service.getResponse(request), sameInstance(expectedResponse));
assertTrue(recordingFactory.requestList.contains(request));
}
private void addToExpectedResults(ResultType resultType,
Response response) {
recordingFactory.responseMap.put(resultType, response);
}
private CacheConfiguration getTestCacheConfiguration() {
CacheConfiguration cacheConfiguration = new CacheConfiguration("TEST_CACHE", 10);
cacheConfiguration.setLoggingEnabled(false);
return cacheConfiguration;
}
private class EntryCreationRecordingCache extends ResponseFactory{
public final Map<ResultType, Response> responseMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<ResultType, Response>();
public final List<Request> requestList = new ArrayList<Request>();
#Override
protected Map<ResultType, Response> generateResponse(Request request) {
requestList.add(request);
return responseMap;
}
}
Here is the ServiceClass
public class Service<K extends Request, V extends Response> {
private Ehcache cache;
public Service(Ehcache cache, ResponseFactory factory) {
this.cache = new SelfPopulatingCache(cache, factory);
}
#SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public V getResponse(K request)
{
ResultType resultType = request.getResultType();
Element cacheEntry = cache.get(request);
V response = null;
if(cacheEntry != null){
Map<ResultType, Response> resultTypeMap = (Map<ResultType, Response>) cacheEntry.getValue();
try{
response = (V) resultTypeMap.get(resultType);
}catch(NullPointerException e){
throw new RuntimeException("Result type not found for Result Type: " + resultType);
}catch(ClassCastException e){
throw new RuntimeException("Incorrect Response Type for Result Type: " + resultType);
}
}
return response;
}
}
And here is the ResponseFactory:
public abstract class ResponseFactory implements CacheEntryFactory{
#Override
public final Object createEntry(Object request) throws Exception {
return generateResponse((Request)request);
}
protected abstract Map<ResultType,Response> generateResponse(Request request);
}
After wrestling with it for a while, I discovered that the cache wasn't being initialized. Creating a CacheManager and adding the cache to it resolved the problem.
I also had a problem with EHCache hanging, although only in a hello-world example. Adding this to the end fixed it (the application ends normally).
CacheManager.getInstance().removeAllCaches();
https://stackoverflow.com/a/20731502/2736496