Hey I try to select a row from a table with two matching entries on another one.
The structure is as following:
----------------- ---------------------
| messagegroups | | user_messagegroup |
| | | |
| - id | | - id |
| - status | | - user_id |
| | | - messagegroup_id |
----------------- | |
---------------------
There exist two rows in user_messagegroup with the ids of two users and both times the same messagegroup_id.
I would like to select the messagegroup where this two users are inside.
I dont get it.. so I would appreciate some help ;)
The specification you provide isn't very clear.
You say "with the ids of two users"... if we take that to mean you have two user_id values you want to supply in the query, then one way to to find the messagegroups that contain these two specific users:
SELECT g.id
, g.status
FROM messagegroups g
JOIN ( SELECT u.messagegroup_id
FROM user_messagegroup u
WHERE u.user_id IN (42, 11)
GROUP BY u.messagegroup_id
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT u.user_id) = 2
) c
ON c.messagegroup_id = g.id
The returned messagegroups could also contain other users, besides the two that were specified.
If you want to return messagegroups that contain ONLY these two users, and no other users...
SELECT g.id
, g.status
FROM messagegroups g
JOIN ( SELECT u.messagegroup_id
FROM user_messagegroup u
WHERE u.user_id IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY u.messagegroup_id
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT IF(u.user_id IN (42,11),u.user_id,NULL)) = 2
AND COUNT(DISTINCT u.user_id) = 2
) c
ON c.messagegroup_id = g.id
For improved performance, you'll want suitable indexes on the tables, and it may be possible to rewrite these to eliminate the inline view.
Also, if you only need the messagegroup_id value, you could get that from just the inline view query, without the need for the outer query and the join operation to the messagegroups table.
Related
I am attempting to JOIN onto two different columns in the first table below from columns in the second and third tables.
I wish to JOIN users.id to job_listings.id to return users.username, and to also JOIN and delimit job_listings.categories to job_categories.id to return job_categories.description via FIND_IN_SET
job_listings
id | employer_id | categories
1 | 1 | 1,2
2 | 1 | 2
users
id | username | type
1 | foo | employer
2 | wat | employer
job_categories
id | description
1 | fun
2 | hak
I desire output that is of the following format:
output
username | type | category | description
foo | employer | 1 | fun
foo | employer | 2 | hak
foo | employer | 2 | hak
I have tried using various permutations of the following code:
SELECT users.username, users.type, job_listings.categories FROM users
JOIN job_listings ON users.id
JOIN job_listings AS category ON FIND_IN_SET(category.categories, job_categories.id)
ORDER BY users.username, category.categories
I know from other answers that I need to use an alias in order to use multiple JOIN operations with the same table, but despite adapting other answers I keep receiving errors related to declaring an alias, or returning output that has a column with the alias but no data returned in that column.
First, you should normalize your design. You should not store integer values in strings. You should not have foreign key references that you cannot declare as such. You should not store lists in strings. Is that enough reasons? You want a junction table for JobCategories with one row per job and one row per category.
Sometimes, we are stuck with other peoples lousy decisions and cannot readily change them. In that case, you want a query like:
SELECT u.username, u.type, jc.id, jc.category
FROM users u JOIN
job_listings jl
ON u.id = jl.employer_id and u.type = 'employer' join
job_categories jc
ON FIND_IN_SET(jc.id, j.categories) > 0
ORDER BY u.username, jc.category;
This query cannot take advantage of indexes for the category joins. That means that it will be slow. The proper data structure -- a junction table -- would fix this performance problem.
I have been trying to figure out how to select data related to one id between to tables without limit it to the joined table. I tried using UNION, Inner join, JOIN, but it limit me to show records that are only in both tables. By example:
Table 1 (users)
id | name | register
1 | John | 2014-03-01
2 | Kate | 2014-03-02
etc..
Table 2 (birthdays by example)
id | user | birthday
1 | 1 | 1989-09-09
Note that kate dont have a record on the birthdays table, if i do:
SELECT U.id, name, register, B.birthday FROM users as U INNER JOIN birthday as B ON B.user = U.id
it will only shows JOHN data, i would like to select all my users and if the record do not exist on the joined table, still be able to select all my users, sort of:
id | name | register | birthday
1 | John | 2014-03-01 | 1989-09-09
2 | kate | 2014-03-02 | null or ''
3
4
etc.
Sorry if its a stupid question but i dont find the light on this one. I would appreciate the help.
Regards
You need a LEFT OUTER JOIN instead of the plain JOIN (also known as INNER JOIN), like this:
SELECT U.id, name, register, B.birthday
FROM users as U
LEFT JOIN birthday as B
ON B.user = U.id
A LEFT JOIN between users and birthday tables will contain all records of the "left" table (users), even if the join-condition does not find any matching record in the "right" table (birthday).
This excellent article on The Code Project will help you a lot: Visual Representation of SQL Joins.
Summary of all JOIN types:
Note: Mysql does not support FULL OUTER JOIN but it can be emulated. Useful articles:
https://stackoverflow.com/a/4796911
http://www.sql-tutorial.ru/en/book_full_join_and_mysql.html
http://www.xaprb.com/blog/2006/05/26/how-to-write-full-outer-join-in-mysql/
Use left outer join instead of inner join..
SELECT U.id, name, register, B.birthday
FROM users as U left join birthday as B ON B.user = U.id
I have a query that selects all columns from multiple tables, but it's returning multiples of the same values (I only want distinct values).
How can I incorporate something like this? When I try this, it still
Select Distinct A.*, B.*, C.*....
Does distinct only work when selecting the column names and not all (*) ? In this reference it says distinct in reference to column names, not across all of the tables. Is there any way that I can do this?
edit - I added more info below
Sorry guys, I just got back onto my computer. Also, I just realized that my query itself is the issue, and Distinct has nothing to do with it.
So, the overall goal of my Query is to do the following
Generate a list of friends that a user has
Go through the friends and check their activities (posting, adding friends, etc..)
Display a list of friends and their activities sorted by date (I guess like a facebook wall kind of deal).
Here are my tables
update_id | update | userid | timestamp //updates table
post_id | post | userid | timestamp //posts table
user_1 | user_2 | status | timestamp //friends table
Here is my query
SELECT U.* , P.* ,F.* FROM posts AS P
JOIN updates AS U ON P.userid = U.userid
JOIN friends AS F ON P.userid = F.user_2 or F.user_1
WHERE P.userid IN (
select user_1 from friends where user_2 = '1'
union
select user_2 from friends where user_1 = '1'
union
select userid from org_members where org_id = '1'
union
select org_id from org_members where userid = '1'
)
ORDER BY P.timestamp, U.timestamp, F.timestamp limit 30
The issue I'm having with this (that I thought was related to distinct), is that if values are found to meet the requirements in, say table Friends, a value for the Posts table will appear too. This means when I'm displaying the output of the SQL statement, it appears as if the Posts value is shown multiple times, when the actual values I'm looking for are also displayed
The output will appear something like this (notice difference between post value in the rows)
update_id | update | userid | timestamp | post_id | post | userid | timestamp | user_1 | user_2 | status | timestamp
1 | update1 | 1 | 02/01/2013 | 1 | post1| 1 | 2/02/2013| 1 | 2 | 1 | 01/30/2013
1 | update1 | 1 | 02/01/2013 | 2 | post2| 1 | 2/03/2013| 1 | 2 | 1 | 01/30/2013
So, as you can see, I thought I was having a distinct issue (because update1 appeared both times), but the query actually just selects all the values regardless. I get the results I'm looking for in the Post table, but all the other values are returned. So, when I display the table in PHP/HTML, the Post value will display, but I also get duplicates of the updates (just for this example)
When you select distinct *, you select every row, including the one that makes the record unique. If you want something better than what you are getting, you have to type the individual column names in your select clause.
It would be easy if you explain a little more what is the connection between the tables you'r querying, because you can use joins, unions (as mentioned above) or even group by's ...
Your updated post shows one of the JOIN conditions as:
JOIN friends AS F ON P.userid = F.user_2 OR F.user_1
This is equivalent to:
JOIN friends AS F ON (P.userid = F.user_2 OR F.user_1 != 0)
and will include many rows that you did not intend to include.
You probably intended:
JOIN friends AS F ON (P.userid = F.user_2 OR P.userid = F.user_1)
I think you want this:
select *
from tableA
union
select *
from tableB
union
select *
from tableC
This assumes that HHS tables all have the same number of columns and they are of the same data type. This not, you'll have to select specific columns to make it so.
I have following two tables 'USERS' and 'GROUPS':
USERS
-id
-name
-groupid
GROUP
-id
-name
I'd like to return all users along with their group's name and group id. It should be an outer join on group id field correct?
A simple INNER JOIN should be enough:
SELECT `USERS`.*, `GROUP`.name AS group_name
FROM `USERS`, `GROUP`
WHERE `USERS`.groupid = `GROUP`.id
You're going to want to look at the JOIN statement
Doing this from my phone, so pardon any moderately incorrect syntax, but something a long the lines of
Edit: other guy's syntax is better. It's too early here
You can use a LEFT JOIN between users and groups so that users who are not in a group still show up in the result set, but with group name and id NULL:
SELECT
a.*,
b.name AS group_name
FROM
users a
LEFT JOIN
`group` b ON a.group_id = b.id
Side note: Ensure that you're encasing the table name group in backticks because it is a reserved keyword.
The result-set should look something like:
id | name | group_id | group_name
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | John | 5 | ThisIsGroup5
3 | Tim | 3 | ThisIsGroup3
6 | NotInGroup | NULL | NULL
Changing LEFT to INNER in the above query would INNER JOIN the two tables and exclude the user "NotInGroup" from the result-set.
So I got a question about LEFT JOIN, this code returns different values for totalPoints depending on if the user got the group or not. (if user don't got group or event it returns the correct value)
I just want to grasp how to get the LEFT JOIN flow_has_vote ON flow_has_vote.flow_id=flows.id to work every time. I did a solution before with three query's, one that gets the group and event rule, one that checks if the user got the group or event considering the security and one to get the flow...
And I guess I could solve this by having two query's, one that gets the group and event rules and also check if the user got the group and event and then one that gets the flow depending on the user should have access to it.
Right now I'm getting every information needed in ONE query and then checking with IF statements if it should be printed or not...
So, my question is, is it possible to get the SUM(flow_has_vote.points) AS totalPoints to work this way? And do you know how?
And also I'm a bit curios, is one query the best way to work with this? Would it be justified to use two when you take into account performance?
SELECT
flows.id AS flowId,
flows.security,
SUM(flow__has__vote.points) AS totalPoints,
users.id AS userId,
users.alias,
flows.event_id AS eventId,
events.group_id AS groupId,
events.membershipRules AS eMR,
groups.membershipRules AS gMR,
user__has__group.permission AS userHasGroup,
user__has__event.permission AS userHasEvent
FROM
users,
events LEFT JOIN user__has__event ON user__has__event.user_id = '.$userId.',
groups LEFT JOIN user__has__group ON user__has__group.user_id = '.$userId.',
flows LEFT JOIN flow__has__vote ON flow__has__vote.flow_id=flows.id
WHERE
flows.user_id = users.id AND
events.id = flows.event_id AND
groups.id = events.group_id AND
flows.id='.$flowId
And if you wonder what the SQL-statement is doing, getting the information for the flow(post), the information about the event and group that the flow is in, checking the user access to the group and event and also getting all the votes for the flow...
This is how the tables looks like...
FLOWS id,security,event_id,user_id
USERS id, alias
EVENTS id, name group_id, membershipRules
GROUPS id, name, membershipRules
USER__HAS__GROUP user_id,group_id,permission
USER__HAS__EVENT user_id,event_id,permission
FLOW__HAS__VOTE flow_id,user_id,points
This is the result I wish for...
+--------+----------+-------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+-----+-----+--------------+--------------+
| flowId | security | totalPoints | userId | alias | eventId | groupId | eMR | gMR | userHasGroup | userHasEvent |
+--------+----------+-------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+-----+-----+--------------+--------------+
| 1 | 2 | 1337 | 5 | Pontus | 15 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 |
+--------+----------+-------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+-----+-----+--------------+--------------+
and one more example...
+--------+----------+-------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+-----+-----+--------------+--------------+
| flowId | security | totalPoints | userId | alias | eventId | groupId | eMR | gMR | userHasGroup | userHasEvent |
+--------+----------+-------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+-----+-----+--------------+--------------+
| 1 | 2 | 1337 | 6 | Kezia | 15 | 2 | 2 | 2 | null | null |
+--------+----------+-------------+--------+--------+---------+---------+-----+-----+--------------+--------------+
Enjoy your life ~ Pontus
So, basically the main point (IMHO) is not to include conditions on tables you LEFT JOINed in the WHERE clause, since this makes the LEFT JOIN behave like an INNER JOIN.
Start with trying this query (although I am sure you will have to make adjustments as I am not sure exactly what you want as a result, more about this later):
SELECT
flows.id AS flowId,
flows.security,
SUM(flow__has__vote.points) AS totalPoints,
users.id AS userId,
users.alias,
flows.event_id AS eventId,
events.group_id AS groupId,
events.membershipRules AS eMR,
groups.membershipRules AS gMR,
user__has__group.permission AS userHasGroup,
user__has__event.permission AS userHasEvent
FROM users,
LEFT JOIN user__has__event
ON user__has__event.user_id = users.id,
LEFT JOIN events
ON user__has__event.event_id = events.id
LEFT JOIN user__has__group
ON user__has__group.user_id = users.id,
LEFT JOIN groups
ON user__has__group.group_id = groups.id
AND groups.id = events.group_id
LEFT JOIN flows
ON flows.user_id = users.id
AND events.id = flows.event_id
AND flows.id='.$flowId'
LEFT JOIN flow__has__vote
ON flow__has__vote.flow_id = flows.id
WHERE users.id = '.$userId.'
GROUP BY users.id
Here, I LEFT JOINed everything to the user, and also grouped by the user. I have a feeling you will want to add columns to the group by (flows.id?, events.id?)
Also, you may want to turn some of the LEFT JOINs to JOIN, so you will get only users who have a 'flow', for example.