I want to achieve this (link to full size image):
And I have achieved this (link to full size image):
If you notice, the div that is in right to the left navigation, is not displaying at top, but at bottom. It should start displaying right below the top navigation.
Here is the HTML:
<div id="container">
<div id="header">
<div id="logo">
<img src="images/parislane-ebay-listing-template2_02.png" alt="">
</div>
<div id="top-nav">
<img src="images/parislane-ebay-listing-template2_05_01.png" alt="">
<img src="images/parislane-ebay-listing-template2_05_02.png" alt="">
<img src="images/parislane-ebay-listing-template2_05_03.png" alt="">
<img src="images/parislane-ebay-listing-template2_05_04.png" alt="">
<img src="images/parislane-ebay-listing-template2_05_05.png" alt="">
<img src="images/parislane-ebay-listing-template2_05_06.png" alt="">
<img src="images/parislane-ebay-listing-template2_05_07.png" alt="">
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="left-nav">
<div id="left-nav-head">STORE CATEGORIES</div>
<div class="left-nav-link">Category Name</div>
<div class="left-nav-link">Category Name</div>
<div class="left-nav-link">Category Name</div>
<div class="left-nav-link">Category Name</div>
<div class="left-nav-link">Category Name</div>
<div class="left-nav-link">Category Name</div>
<div class="left-nav-link">Category Name</div>
<div class="left-nav-link">Category Name</div>
</div>
<div id="content-right">
item title may go here item title may go here
</div>
</div>
</div>
Here is the CSS:
img{ display:block; }
#container { background-color: #000; width: 100%; overflow:hidden; }
#header { width: 1010px; margin:0 auto 65px auto; }
#logo { width: 1010px; margin-bottom: 13px; }
#top-nav img { float:left; }
#content { width: 1010px; margin:0 auto; }
#left-nav { border: solid 1px #e56bae; width: 188px; }
#left-nav-head { background-image:url(images/parislane-ebay-listing-template2_15.png); height: 22px; padding-left:9px; vertical-align:middle; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; color:#000; font-weight:bold; padding-top: 10px; }
.left-nav-link { background-color:#292929; border-bottom: solid 1px #4b4b4b; padding:9px 9px 7px 9px; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; color:#fff; }
#content-right { width:805px; margin-left:15px; float:right; color:#fff; text-align:center; }
You need to make the divs float left.
#nav-left, #content-right{
float:left;
}
see fiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/3EJ6k/
block elements take up a full row even if 2 in succession have widths that should theoretically fit side by side, they wont do so unless floated.
Related
website :https://wells-demo.squarespace.com/
Need logo in center of page section excluding left sidebar(header) in squarespace WELLS template on all format mobile,desktop etc.I am trying to figure out but no result.following is my code
$(document).ready(function(){
$('#headerWrapper #header ').after('<div id="logo1" data-content-field="site-title"><h1 class="logo image" data-shrink-original-size="23" style="letter-spacing: 0.0869565em;"><img src="//static1.squarespace.com/static/5adfd10929711421a9b29d21/t/5adfdbac562fa79909bad158/1524908392416/?format=750w" alt="L ETO BRIDAL" width="130" height=50"></h1></div>');
});
#logo{display:none;}
#headerWrapper{top:4px!important}
#logo1 h1 a img {
height:70px!important;
}
#logo1 {
left: 300%;
position: absolute;
text-align: center !important;
top: 10px !important;
transform: translateX(-50%);
Based on your current CSS, this should do it:
#logo {
width: 100%;
text-align: center;
}
#media (min-width: 801px) {
#logo {
position: fixed;
width: calc(100% - 340px);
top: 0;
margin-left: 240px;
box-sizing: border-box;
background-color: #ffffff85;
padding: .5rem 0;
border-bottom: 1px solid #fff;
}
}
Note: in current form, your question is not really useful to future visitors.
You can read the structure i made below using w3.css from w3schools. I have given a border colour to every div so you can see the boundary of that div and it will make it easy to learn for you.
.outer
{
border:1px solid red;
min-height:100px;
width:100%;
}
.inner-left
{
border:1px solid green;
}
.inner-right
{
border:1px solid blue;
}
.centetr
{
text-align:center;
}
.photo
{
width:95%;
margin:0px auto;
height:40px;
}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.w3schools.com/w3css/4/w3.css">
<div class="w3-container outer">
<!--left side-->
<div class="w3-quarter inner-left">
<ul>
<li>one</li>
<li>two</li>
<li>three</li>
<li>four</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="w3-rest inner-right">
<div class="w3-container w3-margin-bottom centetr">
NAME
</div>
<div class="w3-container">
<div class="w3-half">
<img src="" class="photo">
</div>
<div class="w3-half">
<img src="" class="photo">
</div>
<div class="w3-half">
<img src="" class="photo">
</div>
<div class="w3-half">
<img src="" class="photo">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
I'm create html page called AboutUs.html. I was tasked to complete the page but there is a problem. I want to align the three box in horizontally something like this:
but I try using some CSS code but still could not align in horizontal.
Wrong Output:
I want the first box to be left, for second box to be center and the third box to be right. Can anyone please help me fix this problem.
This is About.html code:
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Two Trees Creative - About Us </title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_stylesheets/Css_Reset.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_stylesheets/mystyle.css"/>
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<header>
<a id="logo" href="#">Two Tree Creative</a>
<nav id="mainNav">
<ul>
<li>Home</li>
<li>About Us</li>
<li>Portfolio</li>
<li>Contact</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</header>
<section id="welcome">
<h1>Designing your world</h1>
<p>One pixel at a time</p>
</section>
<section id="about">
<h2>About us</h2>
<article id="about_info">
<p>Two Trees Creative is a full-service graphic design agency based in Ventura, CA. Our goal is to provide elegant work and unsurpassed customer service to our clients in every way.</p>
<h3>Meet Our Team of Creatives</h3>
<p>Collectively we have over 15 years experience in the graphic design industry, and our services include brand identity development, business cards, brochures, flyers, catalogs, and more. Thank you for considering us for your next project, and we hope to hear from you soon.</p>
</article>
<aside id="about_team">
<div class="row">
<div class="image">
<img src="_images/team/alex_morrales.jpg" alt="Alex Morrales" width="150" height="150">
<p>Alex Morrales</p>
</div>
<div class="image">
<img src="_images/team/david_kim.jpg" alt="David Kim" width="150" height="150">
<p>David Kim</p>
</div>
<div class="image">
<img src="_images/team/jenny_tabers.jpg" alt="Jenny Tabers" width="150" height="150">
<p>Jenny</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row"></div>
</aside>
</section>
<footer>
<p>Photoshop adapted from www.lynda.com - Photoshop CC for Web Designed by Justin Seeley</p>
</footer>
</div>
</body>
</html>
For mystyle.css code, under about_team id element i need to code something in order for the 3 box to be align in horizontally.
#wrapper {
max-width: 1280px;
margin: auto;
}
/*header*/
header {
background-color: white;
width:100%;
height: 165px;
text-align: center;
margin-top: 60px;
}
#logo {
background: url(../_images/ttc_logo.png) no-repeat;
width: 85px;
height: 85px;
margin: auto;
margin-bottom: 0px;
display: block;
text-indent: -9999px;
}
#welcome
{
background: url(../_images/banner.jpg);
width:100%;
height:650px;
overflow:hidden;
text-align:center;
color:white;
vertical-align:middle;
}
#welcome h1
{
font-size:4em;
font-family:'Adobe Garamond , serif';
padding-top:200px;
text-transform:uppercase;
}
#welcome p
{
font-size:3em;
font-family:'Adobe Garamond , serif';
font-style:italic;
font-weight:bold;
}
#about
{
margin:auto;
height:550px;
background-image:url(../_images/tree1.gif), url(../_images/tree1.gif);
background-position:-150px, 115%;
background-repeat:no-repeat, no-repeat;
}
#about h2
{
text-align:center;
text-transform: uppercase;
font: 3em 'Adobe Garamond, serif';
font-weight:bold;
padding-top:50px;
margin-bottom:25px;
color:rgb(82, 71,65);
}
#about h3
{
font:36px Arial, sans-serif;
margin-top:60px;
margin-bottom:10px;
color:rgb(134,118,92);
}
#about_info{
float:left;
margin: 0 auto;
padding-top:37px;
width:40%;
height:400px;
padding-left:125px;
}
#about_team
{
float:left;
margin: auto;
height:400px;
padding-top:37px;
padding-left:20px;
}
#mainNav{
width: 680px;
margin: auto;
}
#mainNav ul li {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
list-style-type: none;
display: inline;
}
#mainNav li a:link{
text-align: center;
display: block;
float: left;
width: 110px;
text-decoration: none;
text-transform: uppercase;
color: #5b866b;
margin: 20px 20px;
height: 20px;
padding: 5px;
border-radius: 5px;
}
#mainNav ul li a:hover,
#mainNav ul li a:focus
{
background: rgb(185,140,72);
color: white;
box-shadow: 2px 3px 4px 0px #CC9933;
}
footer{
background-color: #dee7e1;
text-align:center;
height:20px
padding:20px;
clear:both;
}
https://jsfiddle.net/ow6hc90f/1/
Just add
.image {
float: left;
}
and remove the float from this
#about_team {
/* float:left; */
margin: auto;
height:400px;
padding-top:37px;
padding-left:20px;
}
You can use CSS Flexbox. Make your three .image divs wrap under a parent div (.image-block - in my case).
Look at this Codepen
Something like this:
.image-block {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
}
.image {
margin-right: 10px;
text-align: center;
}
<div class="image-block">
<div class="image">
<img src="http://placehold.it/200x200" alt="Alex Morrales" width="150" height="150">
<p>Alex Morrales</p>
</div>
<div class="image">
<img src="http://placehold.it/200x200" alt="David Kim" width="150" height="150">
<p>David Kim</p>
</div>
<div class="image">
<img src="http://placehold.it/200x200" alt="Jenny Tabers" width="150" height="150">
<p>Jenny</p>
</div>
</div>
Hope this helps!
Add width: 3 times (imageWidth+margin) into #about_team and add width: 150px and display: inline-block into .image. font-size: 0 in #about_team is to remove space between inline-block element, and you need to restore the size in the .image.
#about_team {
width: 480px;
float: right;
font-size: 0;
}
#about_team .image{
display: inline-block;
width: 150px;
margin-right: 10px;
font-size: 14px;
}
<aside id="about_team">
<div class="row">
<div class="image">
<img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1024025?v=3&s=400" alt="Alex Morrales" width="150" height="150">
<p>Alex Morrales</p>
</div>
<div class="image">
<img src="https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/558109954561679360/j1f9DiJi.jpeg" alt="David Kim" width="150" height="150">
<p>David Kim</p>
</div>
<div class="image">
<img src="http://a5.files.biography.com/image/upload/c_fit,cs_srgb,dpr_1.0,h_1200,q_80,w_1200/MTE5NDg0MDU0NTIzODQwMDE1.jpg" alt="Jenny Tabers" width="150" height="150">
<p>Jenny</p>
</div>
<div class="image">
<img src="http://a4.files.biography.com/image/upload/c_fit,cs_srgb,dpr_1.0,h_1200,q_80,w_1200/MTE1ODA0OTcxNjk3OTMxNzg5.jpg" alt="Jenny Tabers" width="150" height="150">
<p>Jenny</p>
</div>
<div class="image">
<img src="http://i142.photobucket.com/albums/r96/thisdayinmusic/PaulMcCartneyHandsomePaul.png" alt="Jenny Tabers" width="150" height="150">
<p>Jenny</p>
</div>
<div class="image">
<img src="http://static.giantbomb.com/uploads/original/8/84561/1465721-georgeharrison.jpg" alt="Jenny Tabers" width="150" height="150">
<p>Jenny</p>
</div>
</div>
</aside>
I need 2 divs inside a big one:
the first will float left and second will float right
i gave the 1st div width of 75% and the 2nd 25%, it seems that the 2nd div is not finding its right place so it keeps coming under the left div on the right side
this is my code:
<div class="centerDiv2">
<span class="title2">LATEST BULLETIN</span>
<hr>
<div class="divLeft">
<img src="images/5891.jpg"/>
<span class="title">JUL 19</span>
<p class ="prog">"I Mathew</p>
</div>
<div class="divLeft">
<img src="images/42St.jpg"/>
<span class="title">JUL 19</span>
<p class ="prog">"I Mathew</p>
</div>
<div class="divRight">
<span class="title">RECENTLY</span>
<hr>
</div>
</div>
CSS:
.divLeft {
width:70%;
margin: 30 0;
}
.title2 {
font-size: 20px;
font-weight:bolder;
font-family: courier;
float: left;
width: 100%;
}
.centerDiv2 {
width: 1000px;
margin: 30 auto;
}
.divRight {
width:25%;
height:400px;
background-color: lightgray;
float:right;
margin: 30 0;
}
HTML:
<div class="centerDiv2">
<span class="title2">LATEST BULLETIN</span>
<hr>
<div class="leftDiv">
<div class="divLeft">
<img src="images/5891.jpg"/>
<span class="title">JUL 19</span>
<p class ="prog">"I Mathew</p>
</div>
<div class="divLeft">
<img src="images/42St.jpg"/>
<span class="title">JUL 19</span>
<p class ="prog">"I Mathew</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="divRight">
<span class="title">RECENTLY</span>
<hr>
</div>
</div>
CSS:
.title2 {
font-size: 20px;
font-weight:bolder;
font-family: courier;
width: 100%;
}
.leftDiv{
width: 70%; display: inline-block;
}
.divRight {
display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; height: 400px; width: 25%;background-color: lightgray;
}
hi dude the issue is with width 75% and 25% using with the margin because you are giving margin though you have already 100% of you canvas means(body)
.wrapper{
margin: 30px 0;
}
.divLeft {
width:70%;
background-color:red;
}
.title2 {
font-size: 20px;
font-weight:bolder;
font-family: courier;
float: left;
width: 100%;
}
.centerDiv2 {
width: 1000px;
margin: 30px auto;
}
.divRight {
width:25%;
height:400px;
background-color: lightgray;
float:right;
margin: 30px 0;
background-color:black;
}
<div class="centerDiv2">
<span class="title2">LATEST BULLETIN</span>
<hr>
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="divLeft">
<img src="images/5891.jpg"/>
<span class="title">JUL 19</span>
<p class ="prog">"I Mathew</p>
</div>
<div class="divLeft">
<img src="images/42St.jpg"/>
<span class="title">JUL 19</span>
<p class ="prog">"I Mathew</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="divRight">
<span class="title">RECENTLY</span>
<hr>
</div>
</div>
When i do my web design, meet a problem when i need to do
[LEFT LOGO] then [TITLE(CENTER)] then [RIGHT LOGO]
The problem appear at RIGHT LOGO there, it doesn't align with LEFT LOGO.
The right logo is under the line of TITLE(CENTER)
here is my code sample, thanks:
<div class="navigation">
<div id="left">
<a title="Multimedia" href="#">
<img src="images/logo.png"/>
</a>
</div>
<div id="title">Tutor Program</div>
<div id="right">
<a href="#" title="Inspire and Innovate">
<img src="images/tagline_alt.png"/>
</a>
</div>
css:
.navigation{
height:auto;
background-color:#666;
width:85%;
margin:auto;
min-width:800px;
}
#title{
text-align:center;
margin: auto;
font-family:‘Arial Black’, Gadget, sans-serif;
font-size: 20px;
color: #FFF;
}
#left {
float: left;text-align:left;
margin: auto;
}
#right {
float: right;text-align:right;
margin: auto;
}
a img { border: 0; }
simply move the right container above the left container check below
<div class="navigation">
<div id="right">
<a href="#" title="Inspire and Innovate">
<img src="images/tagline_alt.png"/>
</a>
</div>
<div id="left">
<a title="Multimedia" href="#">
<img src="images/logo.png"/>
</a>
</div>
<div id="title">Tutor Program</div>
</div>
I thing its work an another way i have some changes in style width depends of logo width. if it is not set in center then change the width %.
#title{
text-align:center;
margin: auto;
font-family:'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;
font-size: 20px;
color: #FFF;
width:59%;
float:left;
}
.clear {
clear:both;
margin:0px;
font-size:0px;
}
and add a div after the last div with class clear.
<div id="right"> .... </div>
<div class="clear"> </div>
You could also display your divs as a table and table-cells, like this:
HTML
<div class="navigation">
<div id="left">
left
</div>
<div id="title">
title
</div>
<div id="right">
right
</div>
</div>
CSS
.navigation {
width: 100%;
display: table;
table-layout: fixed;
}
.navigation > div {
display: table-cell;
}
.navigation div:nth-child(1) {
background: lightgray;
}
.navigation div:nth-child(2) {
background: gray;
text-align: center;
}
.navigation div:nth-child(3) {
background: lightgray;
text-align: right;
}
Also check the JSFiddle Demo
My footer isn't at the bottom of the page.
Solutions I have tried:
- W3C validator (now passed)
- Cleaning up code (indenting etc)
- Checked all divs and tags were ended
None of the above worked, and the problem still persists.
Here is a screen shot of the problem:
Please not the red bar across the middle is the footer. Its meant to be at the bottom, not in the middle of the page.
My Html:
<body>
<div id="call-back"></div>
<div id="header">
<br>
<span style="color:#BB2131;">
Welcome to Madhouse Creative </span>
<div style="float:right;">
<img src="images/social/twitter.png" class="social_button" alt="">
<img src="images/social/facebook.png" class="social_button" alt="">
</div>
<br>
<br>
<img src="images/logo.png" alt="logo">
<div id="nav">
<ul id="list-nav">
<li>HOME</li>
<li>ABOUT</li>
<li>PORTFOLIO</li>
<li>CONTACT</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="head-slider-break"></div>
<div id="home-slider">
<script type="text/javascript">
$(window).load(function()
{
$('#slider').nivoSlider();
});
</script>
<div class="slider-wrapper theme-default">
<div class="ribbon"></div>
<div id="slider" class="nivoSlider" style="margin-top:30px;">
<img src="images/middleimage3.png" alt="" >
<img src="images/middleimage.png" alt="" >
<img src="images/middleimage2.png" alt="" >
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="wrapper">
<h1>A <span style="color:#BB2131;">WEB</span> AND <span style="color:#BB2131;">GRAPHIC DESIGN</span> COMPANY</h1>
<p>Madhouse Creative is a new, innovative company looking to bring a fresh look to how businesses market and present themselves on the internet with elegant designs that contain endless potential. Specialists in user immersing visualisations, they bring a unique approach to brand identity.</p>
<p>Based in Kent, working with business throughout the UK. We aim to change the way your business is seen, heard and talked about. Contact us today to see how we could help your business.</p>
<div style="width:960px;border:1px dashed #cccccc; margin-top:40px;"></div>
<h1>WHAT <span style="color:#BB2131;">WE</span> CAN <span style="color:#BB2131;">OFFER</span>?</h1>
<div id="what-we-offer" style="border:2px solid #cccccc;">
<div class="col">
<div class="red-box">
<h3 style="margin-top:0px;">WEB DESIGN</h3>
</div>
<img src="images/design-web-image.png" class="home-thumb-image" alt="">
</div>
<div class="col">
<div class="red-box">
<h3 style="margin-top:0px;">WEB MARKETING</h3>
</div>
<img src="images/web-marketing.png" class="home-thumb-image" alt="">
</div>
<div class="col">
<div class="red-box">
<h3 style="margin-top:0px;">GRAPHIC DESIGN</h3>
</div>
<img src="images/graphic-design.png" class="home-thumb-image" alt="">
</div>
<div class="col">
<div class="red-box">
<h3 style="margin-top:0px;">LOGO DESIGN</h3>
</div>
<img src="images/logodesign.png" class="home-thumb-image" alt="">
</div>
<div class="col">
<div class="red-box">
<h3 style="margin-top:0px;">VISUALIZATION</h3>
</div>
<img src="images/visualization.png" class="home-thumb-image" alt="">
</div>
<div class="col">
<div class="red-box">
<h3 style="margin-top:0px;">WEB APPS</h3>
</div>
<img src="images/web-marketing2.png" class="home-thumb-image" alt="">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer">
</div>
Here is my CSS:
body {
background-color:#ffffff;
margin: 0px;
}
h1 {
font-family: "Helvetica Neue" bold;
color:#cccccc;
font-size: 35pt;
line-height: 1.1;
}
#content h1 {font-family: "Helvetica Neue" bold;
color:#cccccc;
font-size: 35pt;
line-height: 1.1;
margin-bottom: -10px;
}
h2, h3, h4, h5, h6{
font-family: "Helvetica Neue" bold;
color:#808080;
}
a {color:#BB2131; text-decoration: none;}
a:hover {color:#BB2131; text-decoration: underline;}
#header{height: 50px; width: 100%;font-family: "Helvetica Neue";
}
#home-slider {
margin:0 auto;width:960px; height:auto;
}
#head-slider-break {height:60px;}
#wrapper{
width:960px;
margin:0 auto;
color:#000000;
font-family: "Helvetica Neue";
font-size:12pt;
line-height:1.2;
word-spacing:1.5;
}
#social{
text-align: right;
padding-top: 4px;
}
#header1{height: 50px; width: 100%; background-image: url(images/header.png);}
#headtxt {margin-top: -40px;}
#nav {width:400px; float: right;}
ul#list-nav {
list-style:none;
padding:0px;
float: right;
}
ul#list-nav li {
display:inline;
}
ul#list-nav li a {
text-decoration:none;
height: 40px;
padding: 7px;
color:#808080;
float:left;
text-align:center;
line-height: 3;
font-size: 15px;
font-family: "Helvetica Neue" bold;
font-weight: bolder;
}
ul#list-nav li a:hover {
color:#BB2131;
}
#head{
color: #ffff66;
font-family: ;
font-size: 30px;
}
.container {
padding-left: 20px;
padding-right: 20px;
}
.social_button {
width:36px;
height:36px;
}
#index_middle_image {
margin-top:30px;
}
#request_call_back {
margin-left:10px;
}
.nivoSlider {
position:relative;
width:960px; /* Change this to your images width */
height:397px; /* Change this to your images height */
background:url(images/loading.gif) no-repeat 50% 50%;
}
.nivoSlider img {
position:relative;
top:0px;
left:0px;
display:none;
}
.nivoSlider a {
border:0;
display:block;
}
#redbox {background-image:url('images/red-box-for-web.png'); width:160px;
height:75px;;color:#ffffff; font-size:14pt;
font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; float:left; text-align:center; line-height:80px; padding-right: 30px;overflow: hidden;}
#greybox {background-image:url('images/grey-box-for-web.png'); width:160px;
height:75px;color:#BB2131; font-size:14pt;
font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; float:left;text-align:center;line-height:80px; padding-right: 30px; overflow: hidden;}
#what-we-offer .col {float: left; width: 315px; padding: 2px;}
#what-we-offer {width: 960px;margin-bottom: 10px;
padding: 5px;
height: auto;
float: left;}
.red-box {
background-image: url(images/red-box.png);
width: 315px;
height: 68px;
margin-bottom: 5px;
margin-top: 5px;
}
#what-we-offer h3 {color: #ffffff; text-align: center; line-height: 4;}
.home-thumb-image {width:315px; height: 179px;}
#call-back{background-image: url(images/REQUEST-CALL-BACK-2.png); float: right; width: 100px; height: 100px; top: 0; right: 0; position: fixed; }
#footer {background-image: url(images/footer2.png); height: 300px;}
#home-text {width:960px; height:auto;}
#header {
width:960px;
margin:0 auto;
font-family: "Helvetica Neue";
font-size:12pt;
word-spacing:1.5;
}
I have done my best to include any necessary code and edit out any unnecessary CSS.
If anyone could help diagnose what is wrong with my code and/or what I need to add it would be a great help.
It looks like you are floating #what-we-offer. Add clear:both to #footer to make sure you clear all the floating elements.
Try to add clear: both; to your footer's CSS. This should solve the problem.