How do you tell if a site is an HTTP:// site or an HTTPS:// site? I am just starting to learn some of the more fundamental things about internet security. When you put up a web site is there a special way that you have to set up the html format in the .html files so that the site is secure or is this something that can be purchased from the site provider were you host the web site.
This seems like and easy thing to do but even on stackoverflow what it type in is
stackoverflow.com/questions/ask
There is no HTTP or HTTPS in front of the internet address. Is this implied or is there a way to toggle this on an off in the tools?
HTML Code:
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Test Title</title>
</head>
<body>
//...code goes here...
</body>
</html>
Is there something that goes in the HTML that determines whether the site is secure or not? Or is this an option on each page when you host the site.
How do you tell if a site is an HTTP:// site or an HTTPS:// site?
By looking at the URL
This seems like and easy thing to do but even on stackoverflow what it type in is
If you type in something that looks like a URL with the scheme missing, then browsers will assume you intended to put http:// in front of it.
Most browsers will hide the http:// part from the address bar for non-SSL sites.
When you put up a web site is there a special way that you have to set up the html format in the .html files so that the site is secure or is this something that can be purchased from the site provider were you host the web site.
To use SSL you need to have an SSL certificate and the web server needs to be configured to use it.
Beyond that, everything comes down to how the server is configured. You could have different sites hosted on http and https, or the same site, or redirect from one to the other, and so on.
Is there something that goes in the HTML that determines whether the site is secure or not?
No. SSL is dealt with at the transport level, not the document level.
Or is this an option on each page when you host the site.
You could configure a server to redirect the URLs for some pages to HTTPS and some to HTTP. This was typically done to save on CPU power for pages where security wasn't needed. Today, CPU power is much cheaper, so it is normally better to use SSL by default.
To make a site secured (an HTTPS) site you need a certificate and add the proper binding that means including a port and protocol by default https uses port 443 and NO, none of those configurations at server level will affect the files serve like your .html files.
HTTP means Hypertext Transfer Protocol. The "S" is Secure.
There is no special definition you can define to ensure a secure HTTP connection.
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is the standard security technology for establishing an encrypted link between a web server and a browser. This link ensures that all data passed between the web server and browsers remain private and integral.
These certificates can be purchased from companies that provide them. This essentially encrypts any data transferred between the server and person it is responding to.
In short, this is determined by the browser, and different browsers have different strategies.
When you visit a site, such as www.abc.com, different browsers will use different default protocols.
Microsoft Edge will first use http to connect to port 80 of the server. If the server is set to redirect, it will send a 301 move permanently message to allow the client to reconnect to the site using https.
But the new version of chrome will directly use https to connect to the site (port 443), if the connection fails, then connect to http (port 80).
https://blog.chromium.org/2021/03/a-safer-default-for-navigation-https.html
Chrome will now default to HTTPS for most typed navigations that don’t specify a protocol. HTTPS is the more secure and most widely used scheme in Chrome on all major platforms. In addition to being a clear security and privacy improvement, this change improves the initial loading speed of sites that support HTTPS, since Chrome will connect directly to the HTTPS endpoint without needing to be redirected from http:// to https://. For sites that don’t yet support HTTPS, Chrome will fall back to HTTP when the HTTPS attempt fails (including when there are certificate errors, such as name mismatch or untrusted self-signed certificate, or connection errors, such as DNS resolution failure). This change is rolling out initially on Chrome Desktop and Chrome for Android in version 90, with a release for Chrome on iOS following soon after.
Related
Browser says "Camera Blocked to protect your privacy"
My project include using user camera and when i access application from localhost camera works fine but when accessing through ipaddress, the browser by default blocks the camera and other resource.. how can i allow them for my application.
My application is for an organization who will be accessing the application using ipaddress.
Thank you for reading and your help. :)
type url chrome://flags/#unsafely-treat-insecure-origin-as-secure
Enter url in the textarea
Choose Enabled in the select option
Click image link bellow to see detail
example
Chrome blocks vulnerable features—including camera, location, microphone, etc. on non-secure sites. As of July 2018, with the release of Chrome 68, Chrome starts to mark all HTTP sites as "not secure."
You have three options to unblock these features for your site:
Treat 192.168.10.79 as secure origins by setting chrome://flags/#unsafely-treat-insecure-origin-as-secure. Origins must have their protocol specified, e.g., http://192.168.10.79.
Port forwarding your site address to localhost. Chrome treats localhost as secure origins.
Set up a self-signed certificate for the server.
The problem is because of http protocol. This is not a secure protocol.
Solution
In my scenario I have used https and have got all permissions.
I know that I am able to write a redirection rule which redirects to HTTPS version if someone sends a request on HTTP version of an URL. But how to implement that if an user wants to visit my site directly using only domain name: example.com, he gets the https:// version without redirect? I also know about HSTS, but I am pretty sure that this can be accomplished only with good .htaccess settings?
You can't.
If you type a URL into a browser without explicitly stating the scheme, then the browser will default to plain HTTP.
The only way to change that would to rewrite the browser the user has installed (or perhaps to have them install a browser plugin).
.htaccess is a recommended against mechanism for configuring Apache HTTPD. The HTTP server you use cannot influence the URL the browser requests (other than by recieving a request and responding with a redirect).
I need to access a IP restricted website. Since the IPs of my coworkers any my own one changes all the time I would like to use one of my root servers running Nginx as a Proxy in Chrome and Firefox.
Yet I don't know how to set up Nginx for that kind of usage. Googling is also difficult because the term proxy is used in a lot of different contexts.
Can I configure Nginx to act as a HTTP proxy to that page, if yes, how do I set it up?
Note: I can't use it as a reverse proxy to the page. It does work but all links on the page point to the original URL which I can't fix easily (at least I don't know how).
We're using the HTML5 Application Cache feature:
<html manifest=".appcache">
...
</html>
When returning users navigate to this application they will already have all static files cached and the application is therefore loaded without network requests.
Once the application is loaded it will make AJAX requests to load dynamic content, and the browser will check whether the Application Cache manifest is outdated and possibly download a new version of the application in the background.
Many of our users are accessing this application over insecure connections (HTTP, not HTTPS).
We're in the process of introducing HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) on the servers that host the application.
Implementing HSTS means that our servers will handle requests like this:
If the request is insecure (HTTP only), then the server will respond with HTTP status 301 and a Location header that redirect to the requested URI but changing scheme to https.
Otherwise; if the request is secure (HTTPS) the server will process it as normal but decorate the response with a Strict-Transport-Security header.
So, when a new user open up our application over HTTP they will be redirected to HTTPS instead and then the application cache manifest is installed using the secure location. That's perfect.
However, a returning user (over HTTP) will NOT be redirected to the secure location (because they already have a cached version on the insecure location). The application cache manifest won't load (since it's a redirection). So returning users are stuck with the application version they had cached and they're stuck using HTTP which is no longer allowed. This is very bad.
We need to come up with a way to transition returning HTTP users to the HTTPS version. How would be best do that?
The way I see it there are two problems:
The browser cannot fetch the application manifest (because it is a redirection). It is therefore unable to upgrade the application to a new version.
We could perhaps overcome this problem by configuring our servers to allow /.appcache to be served over plain HTTP.
Even if we do that, the application will still be accessed at the HTTP location (since that what's cached by the manifest)
To workaround that, we might have to implement some kind of javascript logic that changes the scheme of document.location.href to HTTPS.
I don't like this approach, but it's the only one we've got at this point.
We settled on the following solution to this problem:
When server receive an insecure request to get the application cache manifest (/.appcache in our case), then a 404 response is returned instead of the normal HTTPS redirect (301).
Getting a 404 causes the cached manifest to be stale and the browser will therefore attempt to reload the application on the next refresh, which will cause it to fetch index.html and be redirected to the secure location.
Is there any reason why a file may load over http but not over https?
I am curious because I just enabled ssl on a subdomain and it does not seem to be properly. I can see the green lock but if i load the site with it, i see no files.
Like if I have a file at
http://site.exmpl.org/file.html
when i go to
https://site.exmpl.org/file.html
it does not load.
I have ssl enabled because i have the green lock, also i am using cloudflare if that helps
I assume that you may have your SSL mode configured to "Full" in the CloudFlare Crypto section- But lack a ssl certificate installation on your subdomain.
--If not--
You may not have SNI or a Dedicated IP setup for your website then your apache server is likely using your certificate, but connecting to the web space of whoever first setup a SSL Certificate on that server. This is often a problem on shared web hosting environment. You can attempt to contact your provider to ask for help in getting SNI properly configured. You can also acquire a Dedicated IP from your provider.
in cloudflare dashboard under SSL/TLS section go to Edge Certificate instead of overview.
In Edge Certificate there is option called "Always Use HTTPS" which explains "Redirect all requests with scheme “http” to “https”. This applies to all http requests to the zone." just turn in on and after sometimes you are good to go.