vertical alignment and floats - html

I'm sorry if my question seems stupid, but I spent too much time on this. I have a div display block containing two span, one on the right and the other one on the left.
<div class="user-bar">
<span class="username">Martin GOYOT</span>
<span class="user-options"><input type="button" class="disconnect" value="déconnexion"/></span>
</div>
I tried two thing to get them vertical aligned: First one, getting these two floats, but the problem is that I can clearly see that they are out of flow (normal) and thereby, if I apply a background, to the container, it doesn't cover them:
http://jsfiddle.net/M7Ffd/1/
Second solution, let the first in the flow and put the second one as a float, but the result is that I can't find out how to vertically aligning them:
http://jsfiddle.net/M7Ffd/2/ (be careful of the button, it is not really vertically aligned even if it looks like)
So, the question is: what is the best solution, and, how to fix at least one of these two misbehaviour.
thanks, and sorry, I'm a css newbie.

Vertical alignment is a hard issue. And floating seems to be everyone's first goto solution for everything. Avoid the gotos, how about using
position: absolute;
right: 0;
http://jsfiddle.net/M7Ffd/3/

Is this what you want? fiddle here
.user-bar {
padding: 0.5em;
margin: 0 1em 1em 1em;
background-color: green;
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 1.25em;
height:30px;
min-width:300px;
}
.user-options {
display: inline-block;
background-color: #CCC;
float: right;
}
.username {
float: left;
background: yellowgreen;
}
​
Setting the minimum width and giving height solves the alignment + Background solution.

Use the clearfix hack on the parent element of the 2 floated children to resolve your issue.
.clearfix:before, .clearfix:after { content: "\0020"; display: block; height: 0; overflow: hidden; }
.clearfix:after { clear: both; }
.clearfix { zoom: 1; }
I updated your fiddle to show you it http://jsfiddle.net/M7Ffd/5/

Related

CSS: Elements overflow on float div

It's a tricky problem I have and I don't find the best solution. Here is the page:
https://waaave.com/tutorial/android/android-ics-for-your-htc-desire/
As you can see, the green div element overflows the user profile. I don't want to use a margin-left to align it because it will change the position of other green elements and I want to keep a common structure between each of them (this means I don't want to add a new class to align this green element). I want to design a clean solution and make this green element automatically align when it is in the first part (next to the user profile) and in the second part (below the user profile) and only with css (I want this solution working with JavaScript deactivation).
here is the main class for this div (others are just margin top and bottom adjustments):
.block-info {
display: block;
margin: 10px 0 0;
padding-bottom: 3px;
border-left: 28px solid $green;
.icon-block, .text-block {
display: block;
}
.icon-block {
float: left;
margin-top: 5px;
margin-left: -23px;
}
.text-block {
padding-left: 18px;
}
+ br {
display: none;
}
}
If someone have an idea.
Set .block-info to display: table and its children to display:table-cell (this might not be needed, but I believe it should be done for correctness) and it should behave more like you expect.

Why is content of the inline-block affects its position in the container [duplicate]

This question already has answers here:
Why does this inline-block element have content that is not vertically aligned
(4 answers)
Closed 8 years ago.
Here's a fiddle that shows my code in action
The result seems crazy to me: in Chrome second button is slightly above the first.
In Firefox it is slightly below.
<div id="accounts">
<button class="account">
<h1>VISA Card</h1>
<span class="balance">-433.18</span>
</button>
<button class="account">
<h1 class="plus"><i class="icon icon-plus-sign"></i></h1>
<span class="plus-text">Add Account</span>
</button>
</div>
What is even more confusing is that padding on the h1.plus affects the position of the whole div.
What is going on here? I want two buttons to show up on the same line and simply don't undestand why they aren't. Is this a bug in the rendering engine?
UPDATE:
Narendra suggested an easy fix - float:left the buttons. I want to figure out why this misalignment happening in the first place.
You are using display:inline-block, so the buttons are aligned by their vertical-align property, which defaults to baseline.
This is a diagram from the specs which illustrates exactly that:
You can see in the first two boxes how padding and the font size of the content influence the positioning.
As a fix, use vertical-align: top or bottom, or even middle.
Edit: The image is from the table section and the situation is slighty different for inline-blocks.
Add this to your button.account: vertical-align: middle; .
And you can lose the display: inline-block; property, as it is not needed.
Check below code
button.account {
display: block;
float: left;
height: 80px;
margin: 10px 10px;
padding: 10px 5px;
width: 170px;
}
.account h1 {
font-size: 16px;
height: 16px;
margin: 0 0 5px;
padding: 4px 0 2px;
}
.account .balance {
display: block;
font-size: 24px;
}
.account h1.plus {
font-size: 24px;
padding-top: 0px;
}
Here is the fiddle http://jsfiddle.net/Gq3U8/13/
If you are using inline-block, the main concern is about the whitespace (you will see the default margin around the element). To fix this just add vertical-align:top, instead of using float:left. It will align the element to the top.
.account {
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: top; /*add this one*/
margin: 10px 10px; /*remove this one then can see whitespace*/
}

Blank space at the bottom of the page

Please visit this website.
There is a blank space at the bottom. I checked it and there is no minimum height mentioned in my css.
I suspect it's in the body's css details as below:
body {
line-height: 1.5;
font-size: 87.5%;
word-wrap: break-word;
margin-top: 0px;
margin-left: 0px;
margin-right: 0px;
padding: 0;
border: 0;
outline: 0;
background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #EFEFEF;
}
html, body, #page {
height: 100%;
}
This removed the bleed for me in Safari 6.0.3;
#footer-wrapper {
margin-top: 40px;
background: url("../images/footer.png") repeat-x scroll 0 0;
overflow: hidden;
}
You might want to handle that overflow differently tho, based on the content inside it. But this should fix the white space.
I figured it out by just deleting nodes from the DOM bottom-up. It had to be in the #footer-wrapper. As margin-bottom didn't work and you were using relative positioning I figured it was some shadow styling bleeding out of that element.
Update (better fix)
Just found the real issue to the problem;
.clearfix::after {
content: "";
display: block;
height: 0;
clear: both;
visibility: hidden;
}
Change content: "."; to content: ""; and it's fixed. Or just remove that style at all, as it doesn't seem to have use in that case.
"overflow: hidden"
makes things harder but try,
"overflow: auto"
in order to be able to flow when you need.
I'm late to the show here but it may help somebody in my case I had an empty space at the top I added the margin-top=-20px now the empty space at the bottom, tried almost all suggestions I found on these and many threads and nothing. Decided to run it thru some HTML validator there are a few none of them pick up but after a couple one found an extra character(`) at the end of a tag, and that was it, so it was user clumsiness, took that thing out now my page was shifted, took the negative margin and all good. So try a validator and look for something like this.
margin-bottom: 0px;
This would do it
Btw ..nice site dude :)
Sometimes, it's some iframes/objects that are created by third party services that create this blank space. In my case, Google Adwords and Google Analytics was creating this. So, I removed by adding this CSS:
object[type="application/gas-events-cef"],
iframe[name="google_conversion_frame"] {
display: none !important;
height: 0 !important;
width: 0 !important;
line-height: 0 !important;
font-size: 0 !important;
margin-top: -13px;
float: left;
}
Maybe you will need to add some extra rules for your case. Hope that helps.

CSS: float:left with a margin-right doesn't push all elements away

I'd like all my content to flow around an image. To do this, I simply did
img#me {
width: 300px;
float: left;
margin-right: 30px;
}
This works for text wraping, but other elements go behind it. For example
<style>
h2 {
background: black;
color: white;
}
</style>
<img id="me" src="http://paultarjan.com/paul.jpg" />
<h2>Things!</h2>
Then the h2 background flows right past the 30px margin. How should I do this instead?
I wish I could explain why exactly, but
h2 {
...
overflow: hidden;
...
}
should fix your problem.
I'm not sure I understand the problem, but I'm pretty sure it comes from the h2 being a block element. If it works for you, the easiest cure would be making it display: inline. Otherwise, give the h2 a specific width, and a float: left, as well.

Can you do this HTML layout without using tables?

Ok, I had a simple layout problem a week or two ago. Namely sections of a page needed a header:
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Title Button |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
Pretty simple stuff. Thing is table hatred seems to have taken over in the Web world, which I was reminded of when I asked Why use definition lists (DL,DD,DT) tags for HTML forms instead of tables? Now the general topic of tables vs divs/CSS has previously been discussed, for example:
DIV vs Table; and
Tables instead of DIVs.
So this isn't intended to be a general discussion about CSS vs tables for layout. This is simply the solution to one problem. I tried various solutions to the above using CSS including:
Float right for the button or a div containing the button;
Position relative for the button; and
Position relative+absolute.
None of these solutions were satisfactory for different reasons. For example the relative positioning resulted in a z-index issue where my dropdown menu appeared under the content.
So I ended up going back to:
<style type="text/css">
.group-header { background-color: yellow; width: 100%; }
.group-header td { padding: 8px; }
.group-title { text-align: left; font-weight: bold; }
.group-buttons { text-align: right; }
</style>
<table class="group-header">
<tr>
<td class="group-title">Title</td>
<td class="group-buttons"><input type="button" name="Button"></td>
</tr>
</table>
And it works perfectly. It's simple, as backward compatibile as it gets (that'll work probably even on IE5) and it just works. No messing about with positioning or floats.
So can anyone do the equivalent without tables?
The requirements are:
Backwards compatible: to FF2 and IE6;
Reasonably consistent: across different browsers;
Vertically centered: the button and title are of different heights; and
Flexible: allow reasonably precise control over positioning (padding and/or margin) and styling.
On a side note, I came across a couple of interesting articles today:
Why CSS should not be used for layout; and
Tables vs CSS: CSS Trolls begone
EDIT: Let me elaborate on the float issue. This sort of works:
<html>
<head>
<title>Layout</title>
<style type="text/css">
.group-header, .group-content { width: 500px; margin: 0 auto; }
.group-header { border: 1px solid red; background: yellow; overflow: hidden; }
.group-content { border: 1px solid black; background: #DDD; }
.group-title { float: left; padding: 8px; }
.group-buttons { float: right; padding: 8px; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="group-header">
<div class="group-title">This is my title</div>
<div class="group-buttons"><input type="button" value="Collapse"></div>
</div>
<div class="group-content">
<p>And it works perfectly. It's simple, as backward compatibile as it gets (that'll work probably even on IE5) and it just works. No messing about with positioning or floats.</p>
<p>So can anyone do the equivalent without tables that is backwards compatible to at least FF2 and IE6?</p>
<p>On a side note, I came across a couple of interesting articles today:</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Thanks to Ant P for the overflow: hidden part (still don't get why though). Here's where the problem comes in. Say I want the title and button to be vertically centered. This is problematic because the elements are of different height. Compare this to:
<html>
<head>
<title>Layout</title>
<style type="text/css">
.group-header, .group-content { width: 500px; margin: 0 auto; }
.group-header { border: 1px solid red; background: yellow; overflow: hidden; }
.group-content { border: 1px solid black; background: #DDD; }
.group-header td { vertical-align: middle; }
.group-title { padding: 8px; }
.group-buttons { text-align: right; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table class="group-header">
<tr>
<td class="group-title">This is my title</td>
<td class="group-buttons"><input type="button" value="Collapse"></td>
</tr>
</table>
<div class="group-content">
<p>And it works perfectly. It's simple, as backward compatibile as it gets (that'll work probably even on IE5) and it just works. No messing about with positioning or floats.</p>
<p>So can anyone do the equivalent without tables that is backwards compatible to at least FF2 and IE6?</p>
<p>On a side note, I came across a couple of interesting articles today:</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
which works perfectly.
There is nothing wrong with using the tools that are available to you to do the job quickly and correctly.
In this case a table worked perfectly.
I personally would have used a table for this.
I think nested tables should be avoided, things can get messy.
Just float left and right and set to clear both and you're done. No need for tables.
Edit: I know that I got a lot of upvotes for this, and I believed I was right. But there are cases where you simply need to have tables. You can try doing everything with CSS and it will work in modern browsers, but if you wish to support older ones... Not to repeat myself, here the related stack overflow thread and rant on my blog.
Edit2: Since older browsers are not that interesting anymore, I'm using Twitter bootstrap for new projects. It's great for most layout needs and does using CSS.
Float title left, float button right, and (here's the part I never knew until recently) - make the container of them both {overflow:hidden}.
That should avoid the z-index problem, anyway. If it doesn't work, and you really need the IE5 support, go ahead and use the table.
This is kind of a trick question: it looks terribly simple until you get to
Say I want the title and button to be vertically centered.
I want to state for the record that yes, vertical centring is difficult in CSS. When people post, and it seems endless on SO, "can you do X in CSS" the answer is almost always "yes" and their whinging seems unjustified. In this case, yes, that one particular thing is hard.
Someone should just edit the entire question down to "is vertical centring problematic in CSS?".
In pure CSS, a working answer will one day be to just use "display:table-cell". Unfortunately that doesn't work across current A-grade browsers, so for all that you might as well use a table if you just want to achieve the same result anyway. At least you'll be sure it works far enough into the past.
Honestly, just use a table if it's easier. It won't hurt.
If the semantics and accessibility of the table element really matter to you, there is a working draft for making your table non-semantic:
http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#presentation
I think this requires a special DTD beyond XHTML 1.1, which would just stir up the whole text/html vs application/xml debate, so let's not go there.
So, on to your unresolved CSS problem...
To vertically align two elements on their center: it can be done a few different ways, with some obtuse CSS hackery.
If you can fit within the following constraints, then there is a relatively simple way:
The height of the two elements is fixed.
The height of the container is fixed.
The elements will be narrow enough not to overlap (or can be set to a fixed width).
Then you can use absolute positioning with negative margins:
.group-header { height: 50px; position: relative; }
.group-title, .group-buttons { position: absolute; top: 50%; }
# Assuming the height of .group-title is a known 34px
.group-title { left: 0; margin-top: -17px; }
# Assuming the height of .group-buttons is a known 38px
.group-buttons { right: 0; margin-top: -19px; }
But this is pointless in most situations... If you already know the height of the elements, then you can just use floats and add enough margin to position them as needed.
Here is another method which uses the text baseline to vertically align the two columns as inline blocks. The drawback here is that you need to set fixed widths for the columns to fill out the width from the left edge. Because we need to keep the elements locked to a text baseline, we can't just use float:right for the second column. (Instead, we have to make the first column wide enough to push it over.)
<html>
<head>
<title>Layout</title>
<style type="text/css">
.group-header, .group-content { width: 500px; margin: 0 auto; }
.group-header { border: 1px solid red; background: yellow; }
.valign { display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; }
.group-content { border: 1px solid black; background: #DDD; }
.group-title { padding: 8px; width: 384px; }
.group-buttons { padding: 8px; width: 84px; text-align: right; }
</style>
<!--[if lt IE 8]>
<style type="text/css">
.valign { display: inline; margin-top: -2px; padding-top: 1px; }
</style>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body>
<div class="group-header">
<div class="valign">
<div class="group-title">This is my title.</div>
</div><!-- avoid whitespace between these! --><div class="valign">
<div class="group-buttons"><input type="button" value="Collapse"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="group-content">
<p>And it works perfectly, but mind the hacks.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
The HTML: We add .valign wrappers around each column. (Give them a more "semantic" name if it makes you happier.) These need to be kept without whitespace in between or else text spaces will push them apart. (I know it sucks, but that's what you get for being "pure" with the markup and separating it from the presentation layer... Ha!)
The CSS: We use vertical-align:middle to line up the blocks to the text baseline of the group-header element. The different heights of each block will stay vertically centered and push out the height of their container. The widths of the elements need to be calculated to fit the width. Here, they are 400 and 100, minus their horizontal padding.
The IE fixes: Internet Explorer only displays inline-block for natively-inline elements (e.g. span, not div). But, if we give the div hasLayout and then display it inline, it will behave just like inline-block. The margin adjustment is to fix a 1px gap at the top (try adding background colors to the .group-title to see).
I would recommend not using a table in this instance, because that is not tabular data; it's purely presentational to have the button located at the far right. This is what I'd do to duplicate your table structure (change to a different H# to suit where you are in your site's hierarchy):
<style>
.group-header { background: yellow; zoom: 1; padding: 8px; }
.group-header:after { content: "."; display: block; height: 0; clear: both; visibility: hidden; }
/* set width appropriately to allow room for button */
.group-header h3 { float: left; width: 300px; }
/* set line-height or margins to align with h3 baseline or middle */
.group-header input { float: right; }
</style>
<div class="group-header">
<h3>This is my title</h3>
<input type="button" value="Collapse"/>
</div>
If you want true vertical alignment in the middle (ie, if the text wraps the button is still middle-aligned with respect to both lines of text), then you either need to do a table or work something with position: absolute and margins. You can add position: relative to your drop-down menu (or more likely its parent) in order to pull it into the same ordering level as the buttons, allowing you to bump it above them with z-index, if it comes to that.
Note that you don't need width: 100% on the div because it's a block-level element, and zoom: 1 makes the div behave like it has a clearfix in IE (other browsers pick up the actual clearfix). You also don't need all those extraneous classes if you're targeting things a bit more specifically, although you might need a wrapper div or span on the button to make positioning easier.
Do a double float in a div and use the clearfix. http://www.webtoolkit.info/css-clearfix.html Do you have any padding/margin restrictions?
<div class="clearfix">
<div style="float:left">Title</div>
<input type="button" value="Button" style="float:right" />
</div>
<div class="group-header">
<input type="button" name="Button" value="Button" style="float:right" />
<span>Title</span>
</div>
I've chose to use Flexbox, because it made things so much easier.
You basically need to go to the parent of the children you want to align and add display:box (prefixed of course). To make them sit in the sides, use justify-content. Space between is the right thing when you have elements which need to be aligned to the end, like in this case (see link)...
Then the vertical align issue. Because I made the parent of the two elements, you want to align a Flexbox. It's easy now to use align-items: center.
Then I added the styles you wanted before, removed the float from the title and button in the header and added a padding:
.group-header, .group-content {
width: 500px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.group-header{
border: 1px solid red;
background: yellow;
overflow: hidden;
display: -webkit-box;
display: -moz-box;
display: box;
display: -webkit-flex;
display: -moz-flex;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
-webkit-justify-content: space-between;
-moz-justify-content: space-between;
-ms-justify-content: space-between;
-o-justify-content: space-between;
justify-content: space-between;
webkit-align-items: center;
-moz-align-items: center;
-ms-align-items: center;
-o-align-items: center;
align-items: center;
padding: 8px 0;
}
.group-content{
border: 1px solid black;
background: #DDD;
}
.group-title {
padding-left: 8px;
}
.group-buttons {
padding-right: 8px
}
See Demo
I agree that one should really only use tables for tabular data, for the simple reason that tables don't show until they're finished loading (no matter how fast that is; it's slower that the CSS method). I do, however, feel that this is the simplest and most elegant solution:
<html>
<head>
<title>stack header</title>
<style type="text/css">
#stackheader {
background-color: #666;
color: #FFF;
width: 410px;
height: 50px;
}
#title {
color: #FFF;
float: left;
padding: 15px 0 0 15px;
}
#button {
color: #FFF;
float: right;
padding: 15px 15px 0 0;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="stackheader">
<div id="title">Title</div>
<div id="button">Button</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
The button function and any extra detail can be styled from this basic form. Apologies for the bad tags.