I recently realised that padding property adds spacing between the content and the border of this content.
I was testing this property when I discovered an instance where padding doesn't add spacing.
I have a paragraph
<p>Some text</p>
and some styling
p {
background: red;
color: white;
border: dashed 2px blue;
margin-left: 44px
}
Result (JSFiddle)
Then I add padding: 49px to CSS. Logically, I shoud get something like it
but finally I obtain it (JSFiddle)
As we can see, the text moves, but the red spacing isn't added. Why?
PS : maybe I express myself badly, I'm sorry about it
You have a margin-left. Difference between Margins and Paddings.
Remove it:
CSS
p {
background: red;
color: white;
border: dashed 2px blue;
padding-left: 49px
}
In this fiddle
No more space :)
The red is the background-color which is also by default painted into the padding area, and not the margin. The behavior you are seeing is correct.
If you don't want the background painted into the padding area, you can set:
background-clip: content-box;
However I think that only works in IE9 and up, so if you need to support IE8, then you can't use that.
The result you get is correct.
Margin - adds space outside your box
Border - adds a border around your box
Padding - adds space between content and border
Look up "css box model" on google for more.
K
I have not understand what you are trying to do but i guess you want this
<html>
<head>
<style>
p
{
background: red;
color: white;
border: dashed 2px blue;
/* display: inline-block; */
padding-left: 49px
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Some text</p>
</body>
</html>
I have used font-size: 0; on the parent element and that's how I got the links to have no spaces but the space is still there in Firefox.
Please test this in Firefox and then any other browser and you'll see that Firefox is showing a space (albeit 1px) between the links where as no other browser is doing this... well IE6&7 but lets not talk about them...
http://jsfiddle.net/uZMzA/
Does anyone know why? And how I could go about and solving it without using javascript to determine the browser?
The reason why this is happening is because there is a text-node with a line-break in between the a-tags. And since you have set letter-spacing: 1px; and the firefox coders have chosen to implement letter-spacing the way they have, you get 1px of letter spacing after or before that textnode.
The solution, as already hinted at elsewhere, is to change the rule for div#navigation to not have the line letter-spacing: 1px in it, like this:
div#navigation {
position: relative;
padding: 1px 0;
border-top: 1px solid black;
border-bottom: 1px solid black;
font-family: Georgia, Serif;
margin: 0 auto 2px auto;
width: 400px;
font-size: 0;
text-shadow: 0 1px #fff;
}
You can see a working version with the fix applied here: http://jsfiddle.net/uZMzA/10/
maybe you mean:
letter-spacing: 0
This cause your "bug"
Edit:
If you want the letter spacing at 1px, this is a good solution, fiddle up
Just adding:
display: inline-block to the Div container css and float: left to the a element.
Read this post. You will find all available techniques on its body and comments, as well as their tradeoffs.
http://css-tricks.com/fighting-the-space-between-inline-block-elements/
The "remove the spaces" option is mentioned first, as it's the easiest to implement. But it's also "a bit funky".
The "letter-spacing - based" option is listed in the comments, but notice that you will have to include additional css if you want to make IE < 8 happy.
Simply remove the white space from your code like this jsFiddle example.
HTML:
<div id="navigation">
Link1Link2Link3Link4
</div>
This is silly and I can't really explain the "why" of that occurrence but here are two ways to correct the display.
FF doesn't like the space in the code. Either remove the carriage returns between your <a> tags or comment them out, like this:
<div id="navigation">
Link1<!--
-->Link2<!--
-->Link3<!--
-->Link4
</div>
I am currently finishing a site that the client wants to work on all browsers. However, there seems to be a CSS issue which I can not get around. The border around this page seems to start from the middle of the page, as opposed to surrounding the entire page. It works on all other browsers though. I am guessing that it is a float problem, but the #contact-form underneath has basically the same CSS applied to it but the border still surrounds it, while the #info seems to have broken out of the border.
The webpage in question is http://lunaskymoda.co.uk/contact-us/
The only validation error is with an unregistered keyword "Nextgen", but i doubt that is the problem. I have spent an entire day tackling this and cannot seem to come up with a reasonable explanation as to why this is happening.
the CSS for the possible HTML elements producing the error are:
#main #main-content {
border: 1px solid white;
display: block;
margin: 12px 0;
background: black;
}
.contact #main-content .info {
margin: 10px;
width: 300px;
font-size: 14px;
color: white;
float: right;
display: block;
}
You're not the first one to have issues with ie6 :)
The problem is of course the "clear: both" of the clear class not being honoured, so you need to hack it.
Here's a possible approach:
http://damienhowley.wordpress.com/2009/04/01/ie6-hack-replacing-clearboth/
You may also try to replace the <div class="clear"></div> by <br clear="all">.
I'm looking for a way to do something which in my opinion should be super simple, but I couldn't figure it out...
I want a graphical element on my web page which is exactly 1 pixel high, 100% wide and has a certain color, let's say red. It should look exactly the same in all browser and should preferably not break the semantics too much.
I don't want to use any images for this and I don't want to use more than one HTML element. Of course, I will not use JavaScript.
I tried the old classic which probably many of you know:
<div class="hr"></div>
<style ...>
.hr {
height: 1px;
background: red;
width: 100%;
font-size: 1px; /* IE 6 */
}
</style>
The problem with the above solution is that IE6 will render this as two or three pixels high, to fit the non-existing contents of the div.
Any ideas?
just do
.hr {
height: 0px;
margin: 0px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #FF0000;
font-size: 1px;
}
I went through the same thing when I was new to CSS.
adding an overflow: hidden; style should fix it also.
I don't have IE6 handy to test, but an actual HR tag can work in modern browsers. Took me a couple of tries to realise you set the background color not the border color:
hr { width:75%; height:1px; background-color:#ebebeb; border:none; margin:1.5em auto; }
(adjust to suit)
I don't have IE6 to test this, but I remember it had to do something with the line height. Have you tried this?
line-height: 1px;
Ok, I had a simple layout problem a week or two ago. Namely sections of a page needed a header:
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Title Button |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
Pretty simple stuff. Thing is table hatred seems to have taken over in the Web world, which I was reminded of when I asked Why use definition lists (DL,DD,DT) tags for HTML forms instead of tables? Now the general topic of tables vs divs/CSS has previously been discussed, for example:
DIV vs Table; and
Tables instead of DIVs.
So this isn't intended to be a general discussion about CSS vs tables for layout. This is simply the solution to one problem. I tried various solutions to the above using CSS including:
Float right for the button or a div containing the button;
Position relative for the button; and
Position relative+absolute.
None of these solutions were satisfactory for different reasons. For example the relative positioning resulted in a z-index issue where my dropdown menu appeared under the content.
So I ended up going back to:
<style type="text/css">
.group-header { background-color: yellow; width: 100%; }
.group-header td { padding: 8px; }
.group-title { text-align: left; font-weight: bold; }
.group-buttons { text-align: right; }
</style>
<table class="group-header">
<tr>
<td class="group-title">Title</td>
<td class="group-buttons"><input type="button" name="Button"></td>
</tr>
</table>
And it works perfectly. It's simple, as backward compatibile as it gets (that'll work probably even on IE5) and it just works. No messing about with positioning or floats.
So can anyone do the equivalent without tables?
The requirements are:
Backwards compatible: to FF2 and IE6;
Reasonably consistent: across different browsers;
Vertically centered: the button and title are of different heights; and
Flexible: allow reasonably precise control over positioning (padding and/or margin) and styling.
On a side note, I came across a couple of interesting articles today:
Why CSS should not be used for layout; and
Tables vs CSS: CSS Trolls begone
EDIT: Let me elaborate on the float issue. This sort of works:
<html>
<head>
<title>Layout</title>
<style type="text/css">
.group-header, .group-content { width: 500px; margin: 0 auto; }
.group-header { border: 1px solid red; background: yellow; overflow: hidden; }
.group-content { border: 1px solid black; background: #DDD; }
.group-title { float: left; padding: 8px; }
.group-buttons { float: right; padding: 8px; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="group-header">
<div class="group-title">This is my title</div>
<div class="group-buttons"><input type="button" value="Collapse"></div>
</div>
<div class="group-content">
<p>And it works perfectly. It's simple, as backward compatibile as it gets (that'll work probably even on IE5) and it just works. No messing about with positioning or floats.</p>
<p>So can anyone do the equivalent without tables that is backwards compatible to at least FF2 and IE6?</p>
<p>On a side note, I came across a couple of interesting articles today:</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Thanks to Ant P for the overflow: hidden part (still don't get why though). Here's where the problem comes in. Say I want the title and button to be vertically centered. This is problematic because the elements are of different height. Compare this to:
<html>
<head>
<title>Layout</title>
<style type="text/css">
.group-header, .group-content { width: 500px; margin: 0 auto; }
.group-header { border: 1px solid red; background: yellow; overflow: hidden; }
.group-content { border: 1px solid black; background: #DDD; }
.group-header td { vertical-align: middle; }
.group-title { padding: 8px; }
.group-buttons { text-align: right; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table class="group-header">
<tr>
<td class="group-title">This is my title</td>
<td class="group-buttons"><input type="button" value="Collapse"></td>
</tr>
</table>
<div class="group-content">
<p>And it works perfectly. It's simple, as backward compatibile as it gets (that'll work probably even on IE5) and it just works. No messing about with positioning or floats.</p>
<p>So can anyone do the equivalent without tables that is backwards compatible to at least FF2 and IE6?</p>
<p>On a side note, I came across a couple of interesting articles today:</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
which works perfectly.
There is nothing wrong with using the tools that are available to you to do the job quickly and correctly.
In this case a table worked perfectly.
I personally would have used a table for this.
I think nested tables should be avoided, things can get messy.
Just float left and right and set to clear both and you're done. No need for tables.
Edit: I know that I got a lot of upvotes for this, and I believed I was right. But there are cases where you simply need to have tables. You can try doing everything with CSS and it will work in modern browsers, but if you wish to support older ones... Not to repeat myself, here the related stack overflow thread and rant on my blog.
Edit2: Since older browsers are not that interesting anymore, I'm using Twitter bootstrap for new projects. It's great for most layout needs and does using CSS.
Float title left, float button right, and (here's the part I never knew until recently) - make the container of them both {overflow:hidden}.
That should avoid the z-index problem, anyway. If it doesn't work, and you really need the IE5 support, go ahead and use the table.
This is kind of a trick question: it looks terribly simple until you get to
Say I want the title and button to be vertically centered.
I want to state for the record that yes, vertical centring is difficult in CSS. When people post, and it seems endless on SO, "can you do X in CSS" the answer is almost always "yes" and their whinging seems unjustified. In this case, yes, that one particular thing is hard.
Someone should just edit the entire question down to "is vertical centring problematic in CSS?".
In pure CSS, a working answer will one day be to just use "display:table-cell". Unfortunately that doesn't work across current A-grade browsers, so for all that you might as well use a table if you just want to achieve the same result anyway. At least you'll be sure it works far enough into the past.
Honestly, just use a table if it's easier. It won't hurt.
If the semantics and accessibility of the table element really matter to you, there is a working draft for making your table non-semantic:
http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#presentation
I think this requires a special DTD beyond XHTML 1.1, which would just stir up the whole text/html vs application/xml debate, so let's not go there.
So, on to your unresolved CSS problem...
To vertically align two elements on their center: it can be done a few different ways, with some obtuse CSS hackery.
If you can fit within the following constraints, then there is a relatively simple way:
The height of the two elements is fixed.
The height of the container is fixed.
The elements will be narrow enough not to overlap (or can be set to a fixed width).
Then you can use absolute positioning with negative margins:
.group-header { height: 50px; position: relative; }
.group-title, .group-buttons { position: absolute; top: 50%; }
# Assuming the height of .group-title is a known 34px
.group-title { left: 0; margin-top: -17px; }
# Assuming the height of .group-buttons is a known 38px
.group-buttons { right: 0; margin-top: -19px; }
But this is pointless in most situations... If you already know the height of the elements, then you can just use floats and add enough margin to position them as needed.
Here is another method which uses the text baseline to vertically align the two columns as inline blocks. The drawback here is that you need to set fixed widths for the columns to fill out the width from the left edge. Because we need to keep the elements locked to a text baseline, we can't just use float:right for the second column. (Instead, we have to make the first column wide enough to push it over.)
<html>
<head>
<title>Layout</title>
<style type="text/css">
.group-header, .group-content { width: 500px; margin: 0 auto; }
.group-header { border: 1px solid red; background: yellow; }
.valign { display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; }
.group-content { border: 1px solid black; background: #DDD; }
.group-title { padding: 8px; width: 384px; }
.group-buttons { padding: 8px; width: 84px; text-align: right; }
</style>
<!--[if lt IE 8]>
<style type="text/css">
.valign { display: inline; margin-top: -2px; padding-top: 1px; }
</style>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body>
<div class="group-header">
<div class="valign">
<div class="group-title">This is my title.</div>
</div><!-- avoid whitespace between these! --><div class="valign">
<div class="group-buttons"><input type="button" value="Collapse"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="group-content">
<p>And it works perfectly, but mind the hacks.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
The HTML: We add .valign wrappers around each column. (Give them a more "semantic" name if it makes you happier.) These need to be kept without whitespace in between or else text spaces will push them apart. (I know it sucks, but that's what you get for being "pure" with the markup and separating it from the presentation layer... Ha!)
The CSS: We use vertical-align:middle to line up the blocks to the text baseline of the group-header element. The different heights of each block will stay vertically centered and push out the height of their container. The widths of the elements need to be calculated to fit the width. Here, they are 400 and 100, minus their horizontal padding.
The IE fixes: Internet Explorer only displays inline-block for natively-inline elements (e.g. span, not div). But, if we give the div hasLayout and then display it inline, it will behave just like inline-block. The margin adjustment is to fix a 1px gap at the top (try adding background colors to the .group-title to see).
I would recommend not using a table in this instance, because that is not tabular data; it's purely presentational to have the button located at the far right. This is what I'd do to duplicate your table structure (change to a different H# to suit where you are in your site's hierarchy):
<style>
.group-header { background: yellow; zoom: 1; padding: 8px; }
.group-header:after { content: "."; display: block; height: 0; clear: both; visibility: hidden; }
/* set width appropriately to allow room for button */
.group-header h3 { float: left; width: 300px; }
/* set line-height or margins to align with h3 baseline or middle */
.group-header input { float: right; }
</style>
<div class="group-header">
<h3>This is my title</h3>
<input type="button" value="Collapse"/>
</div>
If you want true vertical alignment in the middle (ie, if the text wraps the button is still middle-aligned with respect to both lines of text), then you either need to do a table or work something with position: absolute and margins. You can add position: relative to your drop-down menu (or more likely its parent) in order to pull it into the same ordering level as the buttons, allowing you to bump it above them with z-index, if it comes to that.
Note that you don't need width: 100% on the div because it's a block-level element, and zoom: 1 makes the div behave like it has a clearfix in IE (other browsers pick up the actual clearfix). You also don't need all those extraneous classes if you're targeting things a bit more specifically, although you might need a wrapper div or span on the button to make positioning easier.
Do a double float in a div and use the clearfix. http://www.webtoolkit.info/css-clearfix.html Do you have any padding/margin restrictions?
<div class="clearfix">
<div style="float:left">Title</div>
<input type="button" value="Button" style="float:right" />
</div>
<div class="group-header">
<input type="button" name="Button" value="Button" style="float:right" />
<span>Title</span>
</div>
I've chose to use Flexbox, because it made things so much easier.
You basically need to go to the parent of the children you want to align and add display:box (prefixed of course). To make them sit in the sides, use justify-content. Space between is the right thing when you have elements which need to be aligned to the end, like in this case (see link)...
Then the vertical align issue. Because I made the parent of the two elements, you want to align a Flexbox. It's easy now to use align-items: center.
Then I added the styles you wanted before, removed the float from the title and button in the header and added a padding:
.group-header, .group-content {
width: 500px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.group-header{
border: 1px solid red;
background: yellow;
overflow: hidden;
display: -webkit-box;
display: -moz-box;
display: box;
display: -webkit-flex;
display: -moz-flex;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
-webkit-justify-content: space-between;
-moz-justify-content: space-between;
-ms-justify-content: space-between;
-o-justify-content: space-between;
justify-content: space-between;
webkit-align-items: center;
-moz-align-items: center;
-ms-align-items: center;
-o-align-items: center;
align-items: center;
padding: 8px 0;
}
.group-content{
border: 1px solid black;
background: #DDD;
}
.group-title {
padding-left: 8px;
}
.group-buttons {
padding-right: 8px
}
See Demo
I agree that one should really only use tables for tabular data, for the simple reason that tables don't show until they're finished loading (no matter how fast that is; it's slower that the CSS method). I do, however, feel that this is the simplest and most elegant solution:
<html>
<head>
<title>stack header</title>
<style type="text/css">
#stackheader {
background-color: #666;
color: #FFF;
width: 410px;
height: 50px;
}
#title {
color: #FFF;
float: left;
padding: 15px 0 0 15px;
}
#button {
color: #FFF;
float: right;
padding: 15px 15px 0 0;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="stackheader">
<div id="title">Title</div>
<div id="button">Button</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
The button function and any extra detail can be styled from this basic form. Apologies for the bad tags.