I have tried to create an anchor point using:
<a href="index-xxx.html#reference-name"> and
<a name="reference-name">
The problem is I have a floating margin on the top and the anchor point goes to the top of the page hiding the top of the text.
Is there an easy way to add a relative spacing to the top margin using HTML?
I'm new to this and using a template that I found online. I have since found that it would have been easier to start from fresh instead of using the template but I am too far down the line now, and I don't really understand how to change the CSS to do this. Is there an easier answer?
Many thanks in advance to someone that has been searching for hours for the answer.
EDIT: I've updated based upon the code supplied.
Basically we've got something to the effect of this:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Untitled Document</title>
<style type="text/css">
#main {
min-width: 980px;
margin: 0 auto;
font-size: 0.75em;
padding:101px 0 37px 0;
}
header {
height:101px;
background:url(../images/footer_tail.jpg) left top repeat #0d0d0d;
position:fixed;
top:0;
left:0;
width:100%;
z-index:100;
}
footer {
overflow: hidden;
position:absolute;
bottom:0;
left:0;
width:100%/*; height:37px*/;
background:url(../images/footer_tail.jpg) left top repeat #0d0d0d;
color:#9d9d9d;
text-transform:uppercase
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="main">
<header>...</header>
<section id="content">... with <a name="blah">anchor</a> a couple paragraphs down the page</section>
<footer>...</footer>
</div>
</body>
</html>
As written the anchors links are buried under the top navigation. It seems the only solid fix is to use 'CSS frames' to get the content to display correctly, which requires the following CSS tweaks:
#main
{
padding:0 0 37px 0;
}
section#content
{
position:fixed;
top:101px;
width:100%;
bottom:37px;
overflow:auto;
}
footer
{
position:fixed;
height:37px;
}
So I've removed the top padding from #main.
Then I made the content and footer fixed position. Because of this the content has to be moved down 101px, hence the top.
I then had to give the footer a height, and then put that same amount as a bottom on the content.
Overflow auto gives us scrollbars, and width of 100% puts those bars in a reasonable place.
Tested on IE 9, Chrome 10, Firefox 4, and Opera 11.
Edit 2: And unfortunately I can't find much online about this particular method. Eric Meyer talks about it in Smashing CSS. It doesn't look like any of the existing resources online test for how anchor links will work with the content, which is pretty unfortunate.
Related
How do I remove the white space above this navbar that I created?
http://gyazo.com/b41271cad8d41c08c52ff26b1f1cab9e
I have search StackOveflow for this answer, but can't find one that seems to fix my issue. I have set html, body padding/margin to 0 as well as reset all other elements. Does anyone have any advice?
<nav id="header">
<div class="home-header">
<h1> testing this </h1>
</div>
</nav>
Here's the CSS
#header {
position: relative;
margin: 0 auto 0;
padding-top: 0px;
background-color: $main-color;
}
Live demo
The space at the top is create by the h1 because of its default margin. To fix this:
#header h1{
margin:0px;
}
PS: I assume that you removed the margin for the body tag. If not here's how you remove it:
body{
margin:0;
}
#header {
position: relative;
margin: 0;
padding-top: 0px;
background-color: $main-color;
}
body{
margin:0px;
}
<body>
<nav id="header">
<div class="home-header">
<h1> testing this </h1>
</div>
</nav>
</body>
Put The body Tag margin:0px; Header margin:0px; Try This Code
I ran into this problem. No other solution helped me, so eventually, I found one:
When I was coding the HTML file with Visual Studio in Windows, it saved it as UTF-8 BOM, so when the browser was rendering the page, it was misinterpreting that Byte Order Mark and showing it as a blank space above everything else.
If that is your case, you just need to reencode the file to UTF-8. I used Notepad++ for simplicity, but I'm almost sure you can do that inside VS as well.
body {
background-color: white;
color: #000000;
font-family:"arial",arial;
margin:auto;
}
(header logo EWITA) #header {
position:relative;
left:-150px;
background-color:transparent;
text-align:center;
margin-top:50px;
padding:0;}
(HR LINE) hr.main {
position:relative;
top:-5px;
background-color:#353535;
height:10px;
width:100%;
margin:0;
padding:0;
z-index: -1;
}
#menubar {
position:relative;
background-image: URL('./pictures/menu.png');
background-repeat:no-repeat;
left:730px;
top:-40px;
height:25px;
width:300px;
background-color:transparent;
color:#ffffff;
padding:5 0 0 20;
}
(menu bar) table,tr,td {
border-spacing:0;
border-collapse:collapse;
padding:0 10 0 10;
}
(page after head) #wrapper {
margin:auto;
min-height:500px;
background-image: URL('./pictures/background.png');
background-repeat: repeat-xy;
z-index:-2;
}
#content {
margin:auto;
width:700px;
background-color:#ffffff;
margin-top: 40px;
border:1px solid;
padding: 50 30 50 30;
this is my css i am writing a page for a client and due to some relative positioning it makes me a problem with a background as u see here the white line after the HR line.
Thanks everyone who responds.
Edit:
Wondered how to update this answer, as there is a lot to talk about found it best to take it from bottom up. This will bring you to a layout like this:
Stage one demo.
The menu and logo should stay in place when you re-size the window etc.
Had a look at your code now. It is better, but you still have some trouble:
border is still set on image. Invalid markup.
repeat-xy is still used on background. Invalid property value.
#content still has padding without units. Invalid property value.
<br> tags are still used to make paragraphs in text.
There is an extra } after #content. Invalidates CSS file.
Number 4. should be fixed, but not that important right now.
As we already have discussed 1-3 it is hard to understand why you keep them. Invalid markup and styling makes for unreliable result.
It can look OK in one browser, in one version of one browser, look whack in another, and totally break in a third. You get misinformation between code and result. When or if you fix it to be valid other unexpected things may change and you have to do a lot more work to clean it up. As a whole and rule number one. No matter how wrong markup and styling might be seen from a how to do it perspective one have to keep invalid markup and style out of it.
To validate your work, and as you are where you are in regards to experience, do it all the time. Do small changes: validate. Do small changes: validate. And so on. Use:
For HTML
For CSS
Markup
The markup as it is now is not the easiest to style or get to behave good in a dynamic way. hr's is not the easiest to work with and vary between browsers. Do not use tables for menu's or styling. They are best left for what they are intended to: show tabular data. For your menu you can ask yourself: what is the menu; well, it is a list. A list of options for end-user to navigate trough the site. There is a lot of examples on the web using lists as menus. Search the web for CSS list menu etc. You can create nice looking, cross-browser reliable CSS only, (no JavaScript dependency), menus.
But let us start with the basic markup: You will usually find it good to wrap the whole page inside a wrapper. Then add sub-items into that. To position elements like your main menu, logo etc. it could be good to use a wrapper for each and position them by float, margins etc.
In general use margins and padding.
Page layout
Head Div
Divider Div
Content Div
Footer Div
Head
Div float left Div float left
LOGOmenu
Styling + markup
To make it easy for yourself use temporary borders and background colors to view how the various elements float around. Also use the browsers built-in tools to show various things like margins etc. This is invaluable.
Only remember that if you use borders, and you intend to remove them on finished product, they can take up space.
As an example you could have something like this:
Strong colored first attempt.
HTML:
<div id="wrap">
<div id="head">
<div id="logo">
<a href="index.php">
<img id="logo_img" src="http://cupido.g6.cz/pictures/header.png" alt="EWITA" />
</a>
</div>
<div id="menubar">MENU</div>
</div>
</div>
CSS:
* {
margin : 0;
padding : 0;
}
body {
font-family: Arial;
height : 100%;
background : orange;
}
#wrap {
position : relative;
background : pink;
width : 100%;
height : 100%;
}
#head {
position : relative;
width : 800px;
height : 131px;
margin : 100px auto 0 auto;
background : blue;
}
#logo {
position : relative;
width : 431px;
float : left;
background : red ;
}
#logo_img {
width : 439px;
height : 131px;
float : left;
}
#menubar {
position : relative;
background : #fff;
width : 300px;
float : left;
margin-top : 107px;
padding : 3px 0 3px 10px;
}
Note: I use a hard reset of margin and padding on all elements by:
* {
margin : 0;
padding; 0;
}
And then set margins and padding on tags and elements as I use them. Often find this to be a much easier way then the other way around. Remember that things like body also has padding etc. and often can result in undesired spacing.
This way you also get rid of the horizontal scroll-bar at bottom.
By using float on thing like logo and menubar the elements align nicely.
Next we can add the divider. Here we could use a div and set border for top and bottom. On content we use padding to make space between header, text and footer. We also add white border to top of content that aligns nicely with the divider.
Added divider, content and footer.
HTML:
<div id="divider"></div>
<div id="main_content">
MAIN CONTENT
</div>
<div id="footer">
FOOTER
</div>
CSS:
#divider {
border-top : 5px solid #353535;
border-bottom: 3px solid #888;
}
#main_content {
position : relative;
background : url('http://cupido.g6.cz/pictures/background.png');
border-top : 2px solid #fff;
padding : 120px 0 130px 0;
}
Next we can add the content text and style it. Also added style to footer.
With content and styled footer.
HTML
<div class="content_text">
<p>
text text text ...
</p>
</div>
CSS:
.content_text {
margin : 0 auto;
width : 700px;
background : #fff;
border : 1px solid;
padding : 50px 30px;
}
.content_text p {
font-size : 16px;
}
Resize window etc. and see it floats nicely around.
Now it is time to add the menu. As mentioned earlier we can use list for the menu. It is much more suited for the task then a table. In that regard also note that a menu might have sub items, as such a list becomes the only sane option.
Also note on the menu: You likely do not want to style visited links with other color. But that is up to you of course.
With added menu and some re-styling on background colors etc.
HTML:
<ul>
<li><a class="menu" href="smaler.php">úvodní stránka</a></li>
<li><a class="menu" href="sluzby.php">služby</a></li>
<li><a class="menu" href="kontakt.php">kontakt</a> </li>
</ul>
CSS:
As we already have set margins and padding to 0 on all elements this is trivial:
#menubar ul {
list-style : none;
}
#menubar li {
padding : 0 10px;
float : left;
}
a.menu {
text-decoration : none;
color : #fff;
}
a.menu:hover,
a.menu:active {
color : #3cc8a8;
}
Remove helping colors etc. and we have a version 0.1 ready for further testing and expansion.
Result.
Result as one page.
Validated markup on result at W3C
Validated CSS on result at W3C
Original answer:
There is more then one problem. Firstly the markup:
XHTML
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="./pictures/favicon.png">
Should be:
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="./pictures/favicon.png" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css">
Should be:
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css" />
<img src="./pictures/header.png" width="439" height="131" border="0" alt="">
Should be XHTML 1.0 Strict img tag does not have a border attribute, and need
to be closed:
<img src="./pictures/header.png" width="439" height="131" alt="" />
<hr class="main" /></hr>
Should be:
<hr class="main" />
Use paragraphs to group text, not:
Text<br/><br/>Text<br/><br/>Text ...
but:
<p>Text</p><p>Text</p><p>Text... </p>
CSS
Inline comments are not valid, use:
/* some comment */
Not:
// some comment
You are missing unit on most of your padding values. If a value is non-zero it needs a unit such as pt, px etc. Use:
padding: 5px 0 0 20px;
/* Not: */
padding: 5 0 0 20;
If you do not, it has no/(should not have any) effect.
background-repeat does not have repeat-xy. Use:
background-repeat: repeat;
/* not */
background-repeat: repeat-xy;
or nothing at all, as that is the default.
Fix those first. Then set some color to your things so that it is easier to understand what you want. You can change them back later. Use red, blue etc.
Example.
Regarding zero width no break space bug, as displayed in Vim:
Try adding this CSS:
CSS:
#wrapper {
margin: auto;
min-height: 500px;
background-image: URL('../images/squared_metal.png');
background-repeat: repeat-xy;
z-index: 10;
padding-top:10px;
margin-top:-30px;
}
#content {
margin:auto;
width:700px;
background-color:#ffffff;
margin-top: 10px;
border:1px solid;
padding: 50 30 50 30;
}
I totally overlooked the 'padding-top' css property originally. Thank you all for providing that information!
Please update your site with this CSS and let me know if it works! Since I tested this on my own machine, you should change back the background-url to your custom .png file.
I have searched and searched on this site for a solution to this and tried to apply all results too my simple HTML but none have appeared to work.
I'm sure there is a really easy way to do this because at the moment there isn't really any code as will explain.
I want a simple layout, 3 divs. One Main Page div containing two horizontal divs, I want the two inside divs to contain a picture that will be used as the div backgrounds enclosed in the Main Page div, I can get the backgrounds on but cannot rid the page of the white line, that I'm sure you guys are sick of reading about.
I get the line appearing between "header" and "site" divs. I'm sure this is an easy solution.
I have want to keep the HTML as simple as possible and only plan to have 3 three links that I will put in once the space has gone, as I'm sure I can apply the solution to further divs.
I'm also struggling to upload code, please advise
HTML:
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css.css">
</head>
<body>
<div id="mainwrap">
<div id="header">
</div>
<div id="site">
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
CSS:
#header{
width:1080px;
margin:0;
height:285;
background: url(header.jpg);
float:left;
}
#site{
width:1080px;
margin:0;
height:480;
float:left;
background: url(main.jpg);
}
#mainwrap{
width:1280px;
height:750px;
margin:auto;
background-color:#FFFFCC;
}
Many Thanks if someone can post a solution.
You're having this problem because of the font size of the container. Set the line-height and font-size of the container to 0 and the space will disappear.
If it still doesn't fix it, remove any whitespace (including tabs or line breaks) from your HTML so the code blocks are touching each other like so:
</div><div>
// ^^ no space here
However, remember that font style declarations will cascade down into the container's children, so be sure to set the font-sizeand line-height back to normal inside them.
I tried entering your code in to jsFiddle, but I wasn't able to reproduce the same results you were seeing (with the white lines). May just be my browser...
However, I think this will help solve your issue. I've found it's always a good idea to include a CSS Reset in your CSS file. This gets rid of all those unwanted spaces, margins, and other things that are a pain to work with later.
Try adding the CSS from this site:
http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/css/reset/
Or just Google "CSS Reset" and use any of the CSS samples. You would add the CSS to your existing CSS... the reset just makes sure all the margins, padding, etc are set to zero.
Adding to each element in css file
{overflow: hidden;}
works for me.
Like Mr. Brice Said you need to set the smaller line-height as possible to fix the small size to your div of the source code of your page but take care if in the CSS of your general Body the line-height are diferent, like the example:
body{
margin:0px;
padding:0px;
font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size:12px;
color:#545454;
line-height:18px;
}
If your div needs a diferent line-height, and font-size to some speciffic section of website you need to set a class to then, link this:
#mainwrap{
width:1280px;
height:750px;
margin:auto;
background-color:#FFFFCC;
line-height:18px;
}
If you want your line between divs disappear you simply add one line of code in your CSS. This line of code is BORDER I believe that 1 to 3 pixel border would be ok.
#header{border:1px;}
You can change the colour of your border the same way as well:
#header{border-color:#ffffff;}
For example:
HTML
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css.css">
</head>
<body>
<div id="mainwrap">
<div id="header">
</div>
<div id="site">
</div>
</div>
</body>
CSS
#header{
border:1px;
width:1080px;
margin:0;
height:285;`enter code here`
background: url(header.jpg);
float:left;}
#site{
border:1px;
width:1080px;
margin:0;
height:480;
float:left;
background: url(main.jpg); }
#mainwrap{
border:1px;
width:1280px;
height:750px;
margin:auto;
background-color:#FFFFCC;}
I've got an assignment for an introductory web design course, and so far it's been real easy, but when the professor introduced div and span tags, I really lost my momentum and have fallen into a slump. I've registered for the course late, and as luck would have it, an assignment on div and span is due tomorrow.
I have been using w3schools extensively thus far, as well as StackOverflow itself, but I can't really find a specific answer to my question, or the answers I find are well beyond my 'skill level'.
I want to emulate a website provided to me; no source code is provided, just an image of what the final product should look like, as well as resources like images, text sizes, etc. Here is the link to the assignment itself.
http://www.cosc.brocku.ca/Offerings/2P89/2P89%20Assign2.pdf
I've gone through the first few bits myself, but the meatier portion of the assignment I'm lost on. I need to make one large div element (I'm assuming), and inside that I need more div elements. I've got to this area:
"Below the main heading is the page's overall content area, with an overall 32% rating for the film, several critics' reviews, and an overview of the film at right. Taken together this content occupies 800px in width and is centered horizontally within the page. If the page resizes horizontally, this 800px section should move dynamically so that it remains centered horizontally on the page. This overall section has a 4px gray solid border with a 20px round radius and should be sized large enough to contain all of its contents. (Hint: See textbook section 4.3 on making contents fit.)"
The image in the link is how it should look, and so far I have everything above the rounded border section with all of the meatier content. Here is what I have thus far:
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="http://www.cosc.brocku.ca/Offerings/2P89/Images/rotten.gif"
type="image/x-icon">
<title>Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter - Rancid Tomatoes</title>
<link href="abe.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" />
</head>
<body>
<div class="banner" style="background: url
(http://www.cosc.brocku.ca/Offerings/2P89/Images/bannerbg.png) repeat-x;width:100%;height:50px;">
<img src="http://www.cosc.brocku.ca/Offerings/2P89/Images/banner.png" alt="">
</div>
<h1>Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter (2012)</h1>
<div class="reviewshell">
<div class="reviewleft">hi</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
...and style sheet...
.banner {
margin:0px;
text-align:center;
}
.reviewshell {
margin-left:auto;
margin-right:auto;
border:4px solid;
border-radius:20px;
border-color:grey;
width: 800px;
}
.reviewleft {
margin:0px;
text-align:left;
}
.reviewright {
}
.reviewbottom {
}
body {
background-image:url("http://www.cosc.brocku.ca/Offerings/2P89/Images/background.png");
background-attachment:fixed;
font-size:8pt;
font-family:Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif;
margin:0px;
}
h1 {
text-align:center;
font-size:24pt;
font-family:Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif;
font-weight:bold;
text-shadow:#999999 3px 3px;
}
blockquote {
}
a:link {
}
a:visited {
}
ul.a {
}
I apologize in advance if homework help is frowned upon here; I've been at this for about 9 hours reading up on HTML and I can't find out how to continue. There is no prof or TA available on Sundays unfortunately.
edit; I should probably mention that I don't need a specific answer, just a link to a page or guide that can help me figure it out. w3schools is indepth, but I still can't get it.
That paragraph basically means "put the main content in a div with the following styles":
width: 800px;
margin-left and margin-right: auto; to center it
border: 4px solid gray
border-radius: 20px;
This is a pretty good Smashing Magazine tutorial: http://coding.smashingmagazine.com/2009/08/04/designing-a-html-5-layout-from-scratch/
I could write up a guide for you if no one supplies a better answer...
HTH.
I am learning HTML and CSS, and I want to create a fixed-width page which has a silver background color. I also want the background color outside of the fixed-width area to be black.
The problem is that there is a small black gap above the fixed-width area (above the heading), and I would like to remove this black gap, so that it's replaced with silver color.
How do I solve this?
HTML:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to my Homepage</title>
<link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="main">
<h1>Welcome to my homepage.</h1>
<p>This is just a test.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
CSS:
body {background-color: #000000;}
.main {
width: 640px;
margin: 0 auto;
background-color: silver;
}
try
body {padding:0; margin:0; background-color:#000; }
try:
border-width:0px;
border and margin are two different things... here's a nice picture for you:
http://dev.opera.com/articles/view/30-the-css-layout-model-boxes-border/
You can do below:
body {margin:0; padding: 0; background-color:#000; }
.main {
position: absolute;
width: 640px;
left: 50%;
margin-left: -320px;
background-color: silver;
}
problems like this one will be quite common when writing HTML & CSS, it is a hotly debated subject but I would strongly recommend you use a reset style sheet.
All browsers have their own set of rules as to how elements are displayed on a webpage, a reset style sheet goes a very long way to minimise the effect of browser specific style meaning your code reads much more logically and it easier to spot what is going on especially when you have a problem. That said, even with a reset style sheet you should always cross browser check a project as there are always quirks.
Here is one of the most widely used reset style sheets.
http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/css/reset/
Just paste this above your website CSS on your style.css sheet or create a new stylesheet called reset.css and reference it BEFORE your site.css.