This is working:
SELECT *
FROM ((((defect
JOIN project_testcase ON
defect.Test_Id=project_testcase.Test_Id)
JOIN testcase ON
defect.Test_Id=testcase.Test_Id)
JOIN project_pm ON
project_testcase.Project_Id=project_pm.Project_Id)
JOIN employee ON
employee.Emp_id=project_pm.Emp_id)
However, this does not work:
SELECT *
FROM ((((defect
JOIN project_testcase ON
defect.Test_Id=project_testcase.Test_Id)
JOIN testcase ON
defect.Test_Id=testcase.Test_Id)
JOIN project_pm ON
project_testcase.Project_Id=project_pm.Project_Id)
JOIN employee ON
employee.Emp_id=project_pm.Emp_id)
WHERE Project_Id LIKE '%$categ%'
As I have used JOIN tables and joined using Project_Id. Is that the error?
The first thing I would do to troubleshoot this is to paste it into an SQL formatter. This will help find syntax errors and could help you see a logic error. I would recommend freeformatter.com.
Second you can get rid of the parenthesis.
The Fix
You need to specify what table to get the Project_Id in the WHERE because it is in multiple tables, but for clarity I would always specify what table it comes from.
select
*
from
defect
join
project_testcase
on defect.Test_Id=project_testcase.Test_Id
join
testcase
on defect.Test_Id=testcase.Test_Id
join
project_pm
on project_testcase.Project_Id=project_pm.Project_Id
join
employee
on employee.Emp_id=project_pm.Emp_id
where
project_testcase.Project_Id like '%$categ%'
Project_Id in the where clause is ambiguous, you need to define it as you have done on your joins ie WHERE project_pm.Project_Id like '%$categ%'
In the where clause of the 2nd query you need to tell the rdbms exactly which Project_Id field you want to filter on, since multiple tables contain the Project_Id field, e.g. project_pm.Project_Id.
Starting by removing all those unnecessary parenthesis, formatting and aliases reveals a fairly simple query underneath.
select * --This should really be the columns you actually need instead of all of them
from defect d
join project_testcase ptc on d.Test_Id = ptc.Test_Id
join testcase t on d.Test_Id = t.Test_Id
join project_pm p on ptc.Project_Id = p.Project_Id
join employee e on e.Emp_id = p.Emp_id
where p.Project_Id like '%$categ%'
Of course this begs the question of why do you have text like that in a column named Project_Id? That does not look like a project id to me. And since you are using a leading wildcard you have a nonSARGable query so you have eliminated the ability of index seeks on that column.
Related
I want to join two tables together which are the run table and the restaurant table. From the run table I need the run_id and the restaurant_id and from the restaurant table, I need the created_date so in the end, I have a table that contains the created_date of each restaurant. Both the run and restaurant_history tables have run_id's so that's how I know I can join them. I came up with something like:
SELECT run_id, restaurant_id, created_date FROM restaurant_history, run
JOIN run ON restaurant_history.run_id = run.run_id;
But that gave me an error. Any help would be appreciated :)
(I'm fairly new to sql)
You are mixing both implicit joins and explicit joins. The implicit join syntax (listing the tables in the FROM clause) was deprecated over 25 years ago.
As a simple rule, never use commas in the FROM clause:
SELECT R.run_id, restaurant_id, created_date
FROM restaurant_history H
JOIN run R ON H.run_id = R.run_id;
As for why it gave you that error, error is two-fold. Let's look at what you had written:
SELECT run_id, restaurant_id, created_date
FROM restaurant_history, run
JOIN run ON restaurant_history.run_id = run.run_id;
The query you had before was the equivalent of the following:
SELECT run_id, restaurant_id, created_date
FROM restaurant_history
CROSS JOIN run
INNER JOIN run ON restaurant_history.run_id = run.run_id;
The reason for the error was because you had the table run listed twice in the query with no aliases to discern between the two. The ON clause referenced the run table, but it didn't know which one you meant.
Additionally, you're unintentionally creating a CROSS JOIN between restaurant_history and run - something I'm sure you don't want.
But just removing the second table from the FROM clause will still give you an error about an ambiguous column (run_id) in your SELECT statement. This column exists in both tables (as we can see from the JOIN), and without explicitly telling it which table to select from, it doesn't know how to handle the column and will throw an error.
To fix this, you will also need to alias the tables (the H and R aliases I've put in the solution).
For more information on different JOIN types, see this question:
What is the difference between "INNER JOIN" and "OUTER JOIN"?
For more information on Explicit vs Implicit JOINs, see here:
Bad habits to kick : using old-style JOINs
SELECT run_id, restaurant_id, created_date
FROM restaurant_history H
INNER JOIN run R ON H.run_id = R.run_id
Try this query
SELECT run_id, restaurant_id, created_date
FROM restaurant_history
INNER JOIN run ON restaurant_history.restaurant_id= run.run_id;
I need to write a query to join 3 tables.
My tables are:
ucommerce_customer
ucommerce_order
ucommerce_order_line
All 3 tables have a column called order_id.
The table ucommerce_order has a column called order_status.
When the order_status is set to "open" I want to display the order details.
ResultSet myRs = myStmt.executeQuery
("SELECT * FROM ucommerce_customer
INNER JOIN ucommerce_order
INNER JOIN ucommerce_order_line
WHERE ucommerce_order.order_status = 'open'");
My query ignores the order status and displays all orders, open and closed.
Also I have several products so ucommerce_order_line has several entries for the same order_id, my query displays duplicate entries and it duplicates the entire list as well.
How can I write a query that will show only open orders without duplicating everything?
In MySQL, the on/using clause is optional. This is very sad because someone can make mistakes like you did. Your question only mentions one column, so perhaps that is all that is needed for the join:
SELECT *
FROM ucommerce_customer INNER JOIN
ucommerce_order
USING (orderId) INNER JOIN
ucommerce_order_line
USING (OrderId)
WHERE ucommerce_order.order_status = 'open';
I would be surprised if the customer table really had a column called OrderId (seems like a bad idea in most situations), so the first USING clause might want to use CustomerId.
I would recommend to use a natural join instead. Maybe that's where the errors are coming from.
The duplicates can be removed by running SELECT DISTINCT * ...
I'm working through the JOIN tutorial on SQL zoo.
Let's say I'm about to execute the code below:
SELECT a.stadium, COUNT(g.matchid)
FROM game a
JOIN goal g
ON g.matchid = a.id
GROUP BY a.stadium
As it happens, it produces the same output as the code below:
SELECT a.stadium, COUNT(g.matchid)
FROM goal g
JOIN game a
ON g.matchid = a.id
GROUP BY a.stadium
So then, when does it matter which table you assign at FROM and which one you assign at JOIN?
When you are using an INNER JOIN like you are here, the order doesn't matter. That is because you are connecting two tables on a common index, so the order in which you use them is up to you. You should pick an order that is most logical to you, and easiest to read. A habit of mine is to put the table I'm selecting from first. In your case, you're selecting information about a stadium, which comes from the game table, so my preference would be to put that first.
In other joins, however, such as LEFT OUTER JOIN and RIGHT OUTER JOIN the order will matter. That is because these joins will select all rows from one table. Consider for example I have a table for Students and a table for Projects. They can exist independently, some students may have an associated project, but not all will.
If I want to get all students and project information while still seeing students without projects, I need a LEFT JOIN:
SELECT s.name, p.project
FROM student s
LEFT JOIN project p ON p.student_id = s.id;
Note here, that the LEFT JOIN refers to the table in the FROM clause, so that means ALL of students were being selected. This also means that p.project will be null for some rows. Order matters here.
If I took the same concept with a RIGHT JOIN, it will select all rows from the table in the join clause. So if I changed the query to this:
SELECT s.name, p.project
FROM student s
RIGHT JOIN project p ON p.student_id = s.id;
This will return all rows from the project table, regardless of whether or not it has a match for students. This means that in some rows, s.name will be null. Similar to the first example, because I've made project the outer joined table, p.project will never be null (assuming it isn't in the original table). In the first example, s.name should never be null.
In the case of outer joins, order will matter. Thankfully, you can think intuitively with LEFT and RIGHT joins. A left join will return all rows in the table to the left of that statement, while a right join returns all rows from the right of that statement. Take this as a rule of thumb, but be careful. You might want to develop a pattern to be consistent with yourself, as I mentioned earlier, so these queries are easier for you to understand later on.
When you only JOIN 2 tables, usually the order does not matter: MySQL scans the tables in the optimal order.
When you scan more than 2 tables, the order could matter:
SELECT ...
FROM a
JOIN b ON ...
JOIN c ON ...
Also, MySQL tries to scan the tables in the fastest way (large tables first). But if a join is slow, it is possible that MySQL is scanning them in a non-optimal order. You can verify this with EXPLAIN. In this case, you can force the join order by adding the STRAIGHT_JOIN keyword.
The order doesn't always matter, I usually just order it in a way that makes sense to someone reading your query.
Sometime order does matter. Try it with LEFT JOIN and RIGHT JOIN.
In this instance you are using an INNER JOIN, if you're expecting a match on a common ID or foreign key, it probably doesn't matter too much.
You would however need to specify the tables the correct way round if you were performing an OUTER JOIN, as not all records in this type of join are guaranteed to match via the same field.
yes, it will matter when you will user another join LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN
currently You are using NATURAL JOIN that is return all tables related data, if JOIN table row not match then it will exclude row from result
If you use LEFT / RIGHT {OUTER} join then result will be different, follow this link for more detail
I had most of this query worked about except two things, large things, one, as soon as I add the forth table [departments_tbl]into the query, I get about 8K rows returned when I should only have about 100.
See the attached schema, no the checkmarks, these are the fields I want returned.
This won't help, but here is just one of the queries that I almost had working, until the [department_tbl was added to the mix]
SELECT _n_cust_entity_storeid_15.entity_id,
_n_cust_entity_storeid_15.email,
customer_group.customer_group_code,
departments.`name`,
departments.manager,
_n_cust_rpt_copy.first_name,
_n_cust_rpt_copy.last_name,
_n_cust_rpt_copy.last_login_date,
_n_cust_rpt_copy.billing_address,
_n_cust_rpt_copy.billing_city,
_n_cust_rpt_copy.billing_state,
_n_cust_rpt_copy.billing_zip
FROM _n_cust_entity_storeid_15 INNER JOIN customer_group ON _n_cust_entity_storeid_15.group_id = customer_group.customer_group_id
INNER JOIN departments ON _n_cust_entity_storeid_15.store_id = departments.store_id,
_n_cust_rpt_copy
ORDER BY _n_cust_rpt_copy.last_name ASC
I've tried subqueries, joins, but just can't get it to work.
Any help would be greatly appreciated.
Schema Please note that entity_id and cust_id fields would the be links between the _ncust_rpt_copy table and the _n_cust_entity_storeid_15 tbl
You have a cross join to the last table, _n_cust_rpt_copy:
SELECT _n_cust_entity_storeid_15.entity_id,
_n_cust_entity_storeid_15.email,
customer_group.customer_group_code,
departments.`name`,
departments.manager,
_n_cust_rpt_copy.first_name,
_n_cust_rpt_copy.last_name,
_n_cust_rpt_copy.last_login_date,
_n_cust_rpt_copy.billing_address,
_n_cust_rpt_copy.billing_city,
_n_cust_rpt_copy.billing_state,
_n_cust_rpt_copy.billing_zip
FROM _n_cust_entity_storeid_15 INNER JOIN
customer_group
ON _n_cust_entity_storeid_15.group_id = customer_group.customer_group_id INNER JOIN
departments
ON _n_cust_entity_storeid_15.store_id = departments.store_id join
_n_cust_rpt_copy
ON ???
ORDER BY _n_cust_rpt_copy.last_name ASC;
It is not obvious to me what the right join conditions are, but there must be something.
I might guess they it at least includes the department:
_n_cust_rpt_copy
ON _n_cust_rpt_copy.department_name = departments.name and
So I've asked a couple of questions about performing joins and have had great answers, but there's still something I'm completely stumped by.
I have 3 tables. Let us call them table-b, table-d and table-e.
Table-b and table-d share a column called p-id.
Table-e and table-b share a column called ev-id.
Table-e also has a column called date.
Table-b also has a unique id column called u-id.
I'd like to write a query which returns u-id under the following conditions:
1) Restriced to a certain value in table-e.date.
2) Where table-b.p-id does not match table-d.p-id.
I think I need to inner join table-b and and table-e on the e-id column. I then think I need to perform a left join on table-d and and table-b where p-id is null.
My problem is that I don't know the syntax of writing this query. I know how to write multiple inner joins and I know how to write a left join. How do I combine the two?
Thanks so much to everyone who is helping me out. I'm (obviously!) a newbie to databases and am struggling to get my head around it all!
You just write the joins one after the other:
SELECT b.uid
FROM b
INNER JOIN e USING(evid)
LEFT JOIN d USING(pid)
WHERE e.date = :whatever
AND d.pid IS NULL
I think it's something like this:
SELECT uid
FROM table-b
INNER JOIN table-e
ON table-b.ev_id = table-e.ev_id
WHERE table-b.p_id NOT IN (SELECT p_id from table-d)